Alzheimer Disease: Research Paper Outline

In this essay, we will sort it out the theme of Alzheimer disease research paper outline. Alzheimer's Disease is a continuous neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia, challenging many lives all over the world. Alois Alzheimer a psychiatrist had an interesting discussion about a woman, just over 50 years, called Auguste D, who had symptoms of this disease. She had focal symptoms, hallucinations, delusions, and psychosocial incompetence, which she died of. In the early stages, of mild cognitive impairment (‘pre - MCI”) people object to the loss of memory before it, and move to a much higher level of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). As time progress they will be more equipped on making changes on medicine. Alzheimer’s disease has a broad history, magnitude, and stigmas attached to it.

Further research has shown that this disease is commonly found in people 65 years and older, touching 15 million lives all over the world. There is a number of symptoms such as mental decline, difficulty thinking and understanding, confusion in the evening hours, delusion, disorientation, forgetfulness, making things up, mental confusion, difficulty concentrating, inability to create new memories, inability to recognize common things or to do simple maths. Behavioral changes such as aggression, agitation, difficulty with self-care, irritability, meaningless repetition of own words, personality changes, restlessness, lack of restraint, or wandering and getting lost. Mood changes such as anger, apathy, general discontent, loneliness, or mood swings. Psychological; depression, hallucination, or paranoia, last but not least is their inability to combine muscle movements, they jumble speech, or they have a loss of appetite. Alzheimer’s disease is typically the reason for dementia's existence as it describes more or less the same symptoms and 75% of people suffer from dementia.

According to studies in 2000, statistics of Dementia in the elderly, globally, were roughly calculated from 1950 – 2050. They used different sources to investigate the value and sensitivity on Dementia in the elderly. In 2000, calculations were made on 25 million people over the world with dementia and according to statistics (46%) lived in Asia, 30% lived in Europe, and 12% in North America. An estimation was made that approximately 6.1% of people aged 65 years and older are experiencing dementia and about fifty-two percent lived in low-income countries. Above all are 59% women and people globally about 0.5% and new cases in 2000 were calculated at about 4.6 million with dementia. It has been predicted that a large number of elderly demented people will be increasing in 2000 from a 25million to 63 million in 2030. Forty – one million people in low-income countries to 114 million are predicted in 2050 and eighty - four million in low-income countries and a definitive increase will follow in the near future and most of the demented elderly lives in low–income countries. According to research, new tests have been done over a few decades on a new medication to determine how it will affect AD sufferers' lives and the strategies that need to be followed according to their health benefits.

It's important to understand that aging in people has an increasing impact on Alzheimer’s disease and it’s becoming a universal fact. Hei, from the UN Aging Program and the Us Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, reported that as aging progresses in people we can regard this disease to escalate from (7% - 12%) in the near future. Increasing levels in age can take off from 59% to 71% all over the world and we will be confronted by extremely high rates of dementing disorders. In studies in the Us show that Alzheimer’s disease in 70 years, olds commonly stopped at 9.7%, whereas the worldwide number in dementia was calculated at 3.9% in 60-plus-year-old people. There is a frequency in Africa of 1.6%, China 4.0%and Western Pacific countries, 4.6% in Latin America, 5.4% in Western Europe, and 6.4% in North America. About five million people happen to be confronted by dementia but in most cases of AD each year and in surveys across the world they come to one conclusion on the age group of people with Alzheimer's disease

Further in this study, it is believed that Alzheimer’s disease doubles every five years later in the age of 65 years and in older people. People 85 years and older seem to have symptoms of dementia and at a certain point, there is lead to belief that one in ten people will be affected by this disease. In this instance is Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia mostly found in dementia and the same applies all over the world with numbers of 50% to 70% and 15% to 25% in cases of dementia. The Cache county studies found, however, that there is no certainty of the condition on certain levels than the normal age group given, but it is believed that there is a decrease at a certain age. Which they are not sure if their chances are less being exposed to the disease or if it’s caused by their genes or their surroundings. In studies of Europe has been found that Ad comes forth in both men and women on much older age, whereas in studies of North America there is no certainty in either sex. Furthermore, are higher Alzheimer's levels found in north-western countries than in southern countries, and last but not least, countries need to be educated according to this disease to make plans to control the disease.

Countries like Australia, South Korea, France, the UK, and the USA have been putting plans together in learning more about Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias as they see it’s becoming a growing concern all over the world. These diseases need to be controlled like HIV/AIDS or diabetes and other diseases, making national plans in order to measure and observe its growth. It is led to believe that it is the most common problem in the twenty-first century of health and social circles and the fact that the disease is escalating enormously needs countries to be prepared for this growing pandemic. The cost of the disease was roughly calculated at US$604 billion or 1% of worldwide household income and there are other countries still working on their national plan to control this disease. The French government recently communicated publicly on the research done and how they going to assist their country with the challenges of the disease. Therefore, Alzheimer’s Disease International, the Global Federation of national Alzheimer’s Associations implemented these structures for other countries to take note of the epidemic at hand and to continue with research, and to put national plans in place to better handle the disease. To make comparisons between countries a plan of action and to include everyone involved in this situation.

Studies in the UK found that Alzheimer’s Disease rates are lower in North America and in Europe, where evidently no difference in the condition of dementia was found in England and Wales. However, persons at the age of 65 plus years rated 7.7 per 1000 person-years in Brazil and 3.2 per 1000 person-years in India.

For people at the age of 60 years, the duration of life is shorter and they are crippled and hospitalized and AD impacts their standard of living. However, has dementia an impact of 11. 2% years living with disability, comparing stroke with 9.5%, musculoskeletal disorders with 8.9%and 5.0% for cardiovascular disease. Studies in Sweden have shown that dementia and Alzheimer's disease are the cause why people over seventy – five years over a time frame of three years are functionally dependent and in the case of dementia are the reason why older people live in nursing homes and institutions. The malignant nature in Alzheimer’s similarly to malignant tumors can lead to death in older people and community-based studies have shown that AD was connected to the multiple death risk. People who newly discovered they have the disease of AD have a 3 to 6-year living period and the same applies to older age people with different chronic diseases living with AD and have a shorter life span. Older people with chronic diseases as hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, physical disability, poor cognitive function, and older age male sex, white race with low education, and other related conditions is risk factors, which add to a shorter life in Alzheimer’s disease together with dementia.

Living with Alzheimer’s disease or having a family with this disease can have a negative impact on one’s life as a society is not educated in this regard. In regards to a diagnosis of AD given they are categorized and it can lead to disengagement with everyone including family members. People are likely to be standardized and disregarded by society or friends and family, which can lead to psychological damage and being stigmatized. The World Health Organization claimed that stigmatization in older age people of 65 years has more negative effects as the dilemma with dementia where it becomes a growing pain. Feelings of abandonment, social isolation, and depression are all symptoms attached to the stigmatization of society. According to the Report of World Alzheimer’s 2012, they were adamant at overcoming the stigmas of dementia. There seems to be an enormous amount of stigmatization around caregivers. It has been reported that 24% of caregivers experience bad stigma. The public needs to be educated around AD and Dementia. People with dementia are nothing other than human beings, so, give them a voice. Recognition should be given to people with dementia and their caregivers. People with dementia need to be involved in their community. Informal and paid caregivers need more education in this regard. Upgrade standards of care at home and facilities. Upgrade and give a better understanding of dementia training to primary health care physicians. Cry out to the government to create national plans and expand research into how to address stigma and to stop it from escalating.

According to research done by UK Prime Minister’s Dementia Disease, together with USA and Dutch commenced with a new plan stating that it could save multiple lives. However, a French plan was also set up to monitor the outcome of adults having AD and dementia. Training to healthcare staff was given, educating them on how to assist these patients. Technology also plays a big role in assisting them through different devices. Furthermore, did the Dutch plan pointed out that coordinators and managers should be put in place in order to liaise with families. The French plan on the other hand encouraged stakeholders to work more closely together to stay up to date on the integration of pathways. More attention was given to families at home and communities to help them or relieve them on their duties. Plans were given about activities to stay active on a daily basis. In France and UK action plans to early diagnosis and to decrease the use of drugs on these patients. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and Alzheimer’s Association initiated – The Health Brain Initiative: The Public Health Road Map for State and National Partnerships, 2013 -2018. Action plans similar to others were put in place on assisting Alzheimer’s and Dementia patients. In 2012 a survey was done by Alzheimer’s Disease International where 2 500 people from 54 countries responded on stigma was “yes” on a scale of 75% and 42% gave negative examples on how they were treated with people living with dementia. They (28%) of people felt they were degraded and not recognized and at the same time, people do not know how and when to communicate with them. Which brings us to 24%of people with that feeling, Cited by Nicole L. Batsch, and Mary S Mittelman. Alzheimer’s disease history, magnitude, and stigmas attached affects each country differently and with the knowledge given action should be taken in order for those statistics to change.

REFERENCES

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