Assessing The Gender Productivity Differences In Agro Based Industry
The main reason for me to work on this research topic is because it is seen that majority of the female are unemployed than the male among youth. And while doing the group work, an issue that is “Youth unemployment rate is higher among female (12. 9%) than male (9. 2%)” and this issue grabbed my interest the most. So, I really want to know the reasons for more female being unemployed as well as why employer’s prefer male worker to female. I want to see the determinant that affects the female worker to be unemployed. I want to know why females are lacking behind in the field of work than the males that will help me to see the productivity gap. Therefore, this paper will try to address the gender discrimination in Agro based industry.
Literature review
The relation between the Gender and the productivity differences has existed as long as the concept of genders itself began and today it is recognized that gender wage gap has been aroused since women started having jobs and careers. There is no doubt that there is gender wage gap. In the developed countries, women earn 10 to 25% less compare to the men. In the past, it was found that women are less productive than man, even when they work as same employer and still they produce less. Thus, it is legitimate that they earn less in the economic perception. Most of the time it was found that productivity is vague or unclear in many types of services and professional work and their measurement is clear. However, in some work setting there is measure of productivity. A study was done in the productivity differences between men and women among the blue-collar workers in which they compare the wage under piece rate and time rate of men and women working in the same field job in three countries that is U. S. , Norway and Sweden. The findings are talked in four points that is first, under piece rate work the wage gap is smaller than under time rate work.
As Goldin (1990) found, piece rate work where wages are fixed for each output they produce and time rate work the wages are amount of time they spend at work. So the interpretation directs that two third of the wage gap is because of productivity differences, while one third could be due to discrimination in other factors. A productivity difference in sex is typically male dominated than the female however the differences are small i. e. , 1-3% in Sweden, U. S. 1% and Norway 3%. Second in the same age group, one particular cause for women’s lower productivity is the family obligation where women have to look after their family that average the women productivity less than men in same age groups.
In the early1930s, married women should leave their work as they had someone else to support their family and the unemployed men and unmarried women take the place. According to Hanson & Pratt (1995), large amount of employers use family ideology to frame women workers that because of their family obligation it will affect the productivity as employees. Third, the wage gap under time rate is more or less is with respect to their occupations based on productivity differences whereas, under piece rate work, women earns more in their “female advantageous” such as in the field of requiring high manipulative skill, handkerchief machines it appears that women are more efficient than men and men earns more in their “male advantageous” setting, for example, in factories and heavy lifting men are at an advantage compare the women and lastly the findings says that women in Sweden, U. S and Norway they sort more into piece rate work than men because of discriminatory behavior of employer. Employer assumes that women is less productive than men so they offer less wage to women in under time rate work, while under the piece rate work both men and women get equal as per their productivity so higher proportion of females choose to work under piece rate.
Though all interpretation are in the favor of men and few in favor of women. Women seemed to be highly discriminated in the work as for their family obligation, physical capability in terms of less productivity where they are given less wages compared to the men and women get better wages under piece rate work than the time rate work so women are forced opt for the piece rate work.
