Case Study On Informal Economic Activities In Madang Province Papua New Guinea
In Papua New Guinea urban centres were comprised of different ethnic group dwells and interact. The social issue is an ongoing historically phenomenal paramount issue in the country. Then in regards to this case report more will be elaborated on street vendors in towns and cities of PNG; specifically in Madang. To identify who is involved in informal economic activities as street vendors and it’s significant or helpful to them. Several literature research paper has been viewed “Street survival of children in urban areas”, “Informal sectors in Port Moresby and Lae, Papua New Guinea”, “Cause and Consequences of Rural-Urban Migration: A case study of Migrant Street Venders in Dhaka City”. However, street vendors are becoming the controversial issue in Papua New Guinea and as the entire world phenomenon. This issue was stressed by many undergraduates doctoral. Consequently, the migrant who living in urban centres is practising street vendors, to sustain their living. This cause many related problems in urban areas. A predominantly youngest generation who have no proper educational background such as street vendors, school dropouts involved informal economy, unemployed people, and some assigned to child labour are doing this for their survival.
“In previous years Madang was a perfect and peaceful province compared to other provinces in the country. Due to the influx of migrants every now and then everything has gradually changed the moment situation in Madang, is getting worse than before” reported by Peter Maru. The street vendors selling their goods to every corner of the centres in terms of informal economic sectors. In this case, the report has been discovered that many school dropouts were operating in this category especially those migrants. For example killing of innocent people and ethnic difference is also getting worse in Madang. This case report has been done successfully with the help of several street vendors and self-employed investors had interviewed. The interviewees delivered information about how the street lives are and why they involve themselves to participate in the street vending activities. Street vending activity is carried out by different age group people with their own various reasons. Purposely to generate their income to maintain and sustain their living. Todaro and Smith “as defined the informal sector as unorganized, unrestricted, unregistered. ” Moreover, Kavan stated Participants in the urban informal sector engage in economic activities where they earn money without having a “formal job. ” The street market is proudly promoted by unemployment people who lived by in urban centres of underdeveloped nations. Especially those who were stricken off by poverty. It is significant to know why and who involved in such vulnerable activities. It was basically engaged people of the various age group majority were living under poverty stage, thus done to support and maintain their living has been surviving in urban centres. Street vending is a type of illegal practice of selling varieties of goods and provision of various services to the general public in a convenient and effective way. In this case, the activity was predominately done by informal sectors urban dwellers and consist of a different age range. As stated street vending in Dhaka city, “Street vendors are the fundamental component of urban economics all over the place in the world. Street vendors provide consumers with convenient and available retail possibility and form an important part of the social and economic life of a city by distributing affordable goods and services. ” This is the only informal commercial activity which was ever practised by the unemployment, unskilled, and people without qualification urban inhabitants everywhere in urban centres done that. For instance “Dhaka city has a large number of poor urban dwellers with no formal skill to get job informal sectors, therefore, it was an opportunity for them.
Redwood as stated: “This area creates informal economic activities and provides self-employment opportunities, especially for those who have migrated from the rural to the urban sectors and who are unemployed, school leavers, and underpaid employees. ” In Papua New Guinea context, it is predominately involvement of adolescences, children and middle age population both genders took part. It was done for various reasons but here few will take consideration of such as informal economy activity, child labour, and for their living or daily survival. It is a world phenomenon happenings whichever done by those who have no proper qualification to seek for job opportunities. Street vendors are an influx of people from different parts of the nation. Papua New Guinea is a third world nation has implemented tuition fee-free policy via the education department in elementary, primary and secondary schools. “The government is aiming at moving to quality education which is one part of the quality forces it is focusing on”. These marks every citizen are eligible and have the right to be educated. This could be varied from various age group to acquire formal education whether early age, middle age, young or old ages it doesn’t matter. If then, the government introduced fee-free policy more people are willing to acquire formal education then complementary there should be more job opportunities can be created to fit influx of student population to get rid of unemployment in the nation. In Paua New Guinea the education system is like a bottleneck system. The inclusive entry of students primary and secondary was in larger figure, but unfortunately very few were eligible to continue their studies due to limited space in tertiary institutions.
The Papua New Guinea government has given an opportunity to every citizen of the nation to be educated. It was basically proposed to build the human resource of a nation. But then is not creating adequate employment opportunities for the unfortunate’s individuals those who were dropped-out from the education what should the government do for them to sustain their living. If they have not found any job opportunities they begin to engage themselves in various categories of activities such as criminal activities, street vendors, and so on. In this case, youths who were not eligible to continue they do a stretch business or self-employed as an informal economy activity to sustain their living. Many youths of PNG were falling into this categories because they saw there is an easy access to earn an income to support the living predominately in the urban centres of a nation. Public Mtg “they frequently turn out to be street vendors in urban areas. Being a street vendor is one of the best job opportunities for them as informal activities”.
There are many related issues established by those school dropouts in this nation. Practically street vending is the form of an informal business whichever done at least to sustain their living. Even though it is illegal but they have to do that in order to have transparent and accountability lives. In some parts of Papua New Guinea, the police force gets on them by devastating the set-up of their small tablet market as well as other capitals. This is the obvious picture of showing that the government in not care for his people may be the poor get poorer and richer get richer. Particularly it was an uncertainty principle. If the government does not want the youths to involve in such illegal activities then the government should establish more industries and fund more money to agricultural sectors to produce the huge amount of crops to markets and other established industries to earn their living equilibrium compared with working class people. Selling the variety of goods in the street is not legalized by the constitution of a nation. Urban centres of Papua New Guinea street vendors are everywhere Many Papua New Guineans youths and children are street vendors. Child labour is another form where youths and children they usually embraced to it. As stated “in social view of child labour, the children that do comprehensive work and labour beyond their limitations are those regarded to be in horrible need of income for their survival. While working in the streets, these children become exposed to so many forms of economic activities, even the type that is not appropriate for a child at that developing stage in life”. As this paper furthermore describe “child labour is not essentially a bad mechanism. It may perhaps comprise children in family household assistant the family by taking up and doing a job that is planned to change the child characteristically. ” But utmost every so often than not, the word child labour is related through overburdening children as well as underpaying them. By means of this, it reveals how employers involve children in inappropriate activities to earn a profit. The evident they could provide work that prevents the adolescent’s integral development and by compelling them into undertaking this work, exploitation them or the work itself can be offensive to the child. However, the situation is not merely voluntary labour or forced labour by the owners or leaders of these children who cause for the rise in child labour and slavery. Classical examples are youths who they are selling daily Newspaper on and along the street of Port Moresby, capital of Papua New Guinea it was a terrible symptom. In addition, at Mount Hagen main market especially youths males they always fighting to carry huge crop bags such as sweet potatoes and potatoes bags weight 70-85 kilogram of bags (which means they double) just imagine that. The PNG government has implemented an act of Lukautim Pikinini Act to fight against child labour in the country. Even though they are still being labour how was the Act function effective or ineffective. Child labour is a major issue in the country and an entire global. If the government establish or create many job opportunities than there would be no youths and children going to put as a labour force. Furthermore, child labour is practised because those who strike by the poverty they could not afford to and support their life so those were vulnerable to child labour. A boy by the name of Peter Kara-age of thirteen (13 years) was interviewed, said that “living without parents in the urban centres of the country is very complicated to support and maintain the living. As for my living, I became a labourer for three (3years) to sustain my livelihood. In order to gain something, I was off unloaded cargoes from the trucks to a warehouse of big shops here in Madang such like MST Best Buy soon. Then they paid ten kinas (K10) for each container. ” Child labour is only caused by poverty. If citizens of the nation live a living without poverty than there would be no more child labour. Only if the government and non-government organisations to stop child labour in provinces of a nation they have to provide and create job opportunities for the younger generation.
Unemployment is a major problem in the nation of Papua New Guinea, how can it be dealt with to enhance that issue. The genuineness of more and more unemployment creating more chance to commit or involve into unlawful activities. They can be as robbers, street vendors, prostitution, drug smugglers and as well as other related illegal activities. Those people had no opportunities to get employment they seek for means and ways to have self-employed. The much chance is only to involve themselves into street vendors to begin their business at least to earn an income. On the other hand, some force themselves to become labour even though the wage is fluctuating they never mind because they saw there were no opportunities to decide so they kept in with the situation. World Bank reported many young people in the capital of Port Moresby to find employment was very challenging. For example, after Lawrence left school to find a job was very difficult.
To conclude street vending is a kind of activity that whoever participates in the informal economic sector to earn an income not having a formal job. It was practised in every centre of the towns and cities for their survival. Thus this informal activity was mainly done by youngest age group and middle age, especially those who without formal jobs. On the other hand, made people lives easier to support and sustain their living in urban areas. In this sector creates informal economic activities and provides self-employment opportunities, particularly for those who have migrated from the rural to urban sector and who are unemployed, school leavers, and underpaid employment at least to have the fair living.
To recommend, more and more people are struggling to survive in towns and cities. The demand for living stimulate people to make themselves available in any form of informal economic activities. Better if there more job opportunities to be created to sort out such problem. Many youngest of the nation are now involve who is going stop such them, so they are doing for their needs, wants. Our government is focusing on huge thing to talk about and not considering the problem youths are facing. To alleviate the social issues the government have to creates and provides more job opportunities for street vendors, unemployed, school leavers and other victims.
