When we think of a drug user, we tend to think of someone who uses illicit drugs like; marijuana, cocaine, opioids, and methamphetamines. However, according to the FDA, a drug is “A substance (other than food) intended to affect the structure or any function of...
Aspirin was first used as a treatment for the disease in the 1890s when Felix Hoffmann used it to treat his father’s rheumatism. A German pharmaceutical company Bayer obtained a patent for the drug in 1899 and distributed it to physicians in powder form so...
To produce a pure sample of aspirin and then analyse the product by conducting several chemical tests to therefore show whether the crude sample and the purified sample produced are pure or impure. A sample of aspirin will be produced; however, the tests carried out...
First recorded around 400 BC, in the time of Hippocrates, when people chewed willow bark to relieve inflammation and fever. The bark from the willow tree—Salix Alba—contains a high amount of salicylic acid. The word 'aspirin was derived from Spiraea, a biological genus of shrubs that includes natural sources...
When you hear the phrase white-collar crime you immediately associate it with scandals in the financial and business sector and the sophisticated frauds of senior executives. In the last 2 decades or so there have been a number of highly publicised examples of white-collar crime,...
BZDs are effective drugs with numerous positive clinical values, widely used in treatment of anxiety, insomnia, and other psychological conditions, such as panic disorder [Rouby 2012]. However, this is only applicable if BZDs are used for their proper indications (Marriott 1993). In general, short term...
Inflammation is a response of tissue damage that brings several biochemical mediators such as histamine, bradykinin, platelet-activating factor, and a group of lipid material known as leukotrienes (LTs) and prostaglandins (PGs) from the circulation to the sites where they are needed, to eliminate the offending...
Carbamazepine is an orally administered, anticonvulsant used in the treatment of seizure disorders, as well as nonepileptic conditions related to neuropathic pain. Carbamazepine may also be used in the treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder (Khalili and Murphy, 2018). The current therapeutic range of carbamazepine...
Prescription Drug Abuse (PDA) does not discriminate against age, race, sex, nor social status. Although devastating, it is not surprising that this national health crisis has trickled down into the adolescent population. This crisis has plagued our communities, school systems, and work environments, creating drug...
Oral and parenteral injections are among the widely used drug delivery routes. While oral drug delivery is remarkably more patient-friendly compared with injection, it is associated with a number of side effects including vomiting, headache, abdominal pain, diarrhea and nausea. Furthermore, the bioavailability of a...
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