Heterocyclic Compounds - The Largest & Important Class Of Organic Compounds

Heterocyclic compounds are the largest and important class of organic compounds which have broad applications in the various field of science such as copolymers, dyestuff, sanitizers, and possess N, S, O and other heteroatom, which enhance their bioactivity owing to this it implies many pharmacological activities such as anti-cancer, antioxidants and present in many natural compounds e.g. chlorophyll, vitamins, haemoglobin, and alkaloids i.e. morphine, vinblastine etc.

Thiazolidines are five membered heterocyclic system with moiety formula C3H7NS containing one nitrogen and one sulfur atom which possess high medicinal and pharmaceutical properties. In thiazolidine nucleus, large number of substitutions are possible on the 2, 4 and 5-positions which lead to change in the properties of compounds.

Variations in the substituents attached to the nitrogen atom are also possible to design new derivatives. Ciglitazone, Pioglitazone, Trolitazone, Englitazone, AL-321 etc. were considered as the most effective drugs for antidiabetic activity. In additional thiazolidines are the main core of many type of natural products, drugs and were present in many synthetic compounds such as anticancer, antibacterial, antitumor, antidiabetic, anti-parasite, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antitubercular antifungal, antiviral, anti-HIV, Cytotoxicity, antitrypanosomal, Antinociceptive and anti-hypernociceptive.

In addition, the use of thiazolidines as inhibitor of tyrosyl−DNAphosphodiesterase I pro-drugs for the treatment of cystinosis, Radioprotective against γ-Irradiation [34], S1P1 Receptor Agonists were reported. They are used in Peptide and Protein Modification, protein chemical synthesis, as an activator to innate immunity and also act as Immunostimulating agents.

Thiazolidine derivatives involve in various synthesis as synthetic precursor, potential biomarker for oxidative stress and formaldehyde exposure, heterogeneous catalyst, Free radical scavenger, antioxidant, inducible nitric oxide synthase (Inos) inhibitors and to construct nonfullerene small-molecule.

In past few years, divergent synthetic strategies introduced which focus on efficient, green synthesis using inexpensive reactant, nano-particles, non-toxic solvent, reusable catalyst and also in the absence of solvent and catalyst with high yields in different technique such as microwave irradiation (MWI), sonochemistry, and surface chemistry.

Therefore it is a requirement to collect this information to understand the current status of thiazolidine and their derivatives as well as their reactivity. Recently, Jain et al. reviewed the biological activities of thiazolidinone derivatives from 2000 to 2011. In 2013 Jain and co-author have reviewed the multifarious application of various thiazolidine-2,4-diones derivatives. Nanjan et al. reviewed antidiabetic activity of thiazolidinone.

In this review article we described the literature survey of different strategies developed for the synthesis of thiazolidines and their analogs as well as to highlight their activity and use as starting material in the synthesis of various heterocyclic systems of potent pharmaceutical properties during the period of 2014 to 2018, hoping to inspire new and even more creative approaches.