Innovation And Advance In Health And Social Care: Reducing Death Rates And Preventing People To Quit Smoking
In this report study I will debate and explain the principal of National Initiative that promotes lifestyle change for young people with cardiovascular disease (CVD), lung cancer, cerebrovascular disease, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, infant death syndrome. The main idea I’m about to debate is that the NHS and The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) will appraise the key influence for health and social care provider to reduce death rates and prevent people to quit smoking.
Introduction and Epidemiology
Over the past couple of years, the cardiovascular disease remains the second largest cause of preventable ill health and death in England. Cigarette smoking is the clearly national most significant public health issues. Epidemiology clear provide evidence that Tabaco smoke is the first enemy in Health society.
Key influence underpinning the changing health and social care policy landscape
UK government have pursued a comprehensive tobacco control policy since the publication of Smoking Kills in White Paper. This has been presented to Parliament by the Secretary of State for Health and the Secretaries of State for Scotland. On Wednesday 11th March 2015 MPs voted overwhelmingly in support of regulations to implement standardized tobacco packaging. The regulations were approved by the House of Lords on 16th March and the measure took effect in May 2016 to introducing new rules on the size and placement of the health warnings, minimum pack sizes and so on.
Putting cigarettes in standard packs has stopped the pack being used to promote the product and is helping to make smoking history for our children. In 2006 the Government has been voted for the new law” Smoke free legislation Act “. In the Part 1 of the Health Act 2006 are sets aspects to be dealt with nicotine free and for secondhand smokers’ regulation. The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE), and NHS England had key Influence to underpinning the changing in health and social care policy landscape. By applying the Health act 2006. The department of Health has developed an intervention for smoking cessation to improve government targets to reduce the smoking habits. For example: From evidence based NHS has given cessation targets to all maternity unites (risk of premature, disability, heart disease in babies) and also all hospital admission for respiratory disease (pediatric section) in children 0-4 years to reduce to second hand smoke.
The government is giving £2.7 billion to local councils to help them join up NHS and social care services every year to help people to give up / reduce the smoking habit and promote physical and mental wellbeing. On top of this funding, NHS is giving to local authorities an extra £100 million in 2013 to 2014 and an extra £200 million in 2014 to 2015, for smoke free campaign, leaflets, schools programs, free pharmacy treatment, behavior therapies etc.
NHS control program to replace nicotine (NRT)
NRT is a medication that provides you with a low level of nicotine, without the tar, carbon monoxide and other poisonous chemicals present in tobacco smoke. You can buy the replacement treatment from the local pharmacy or prescribe from GP or local organization. E.g.: Electronic Cigarettes, Champix, Zyban, inhalator, skin patches, chewing gum.
Cognitive-Behavior Therapy
As a social worker I will adapt the Sheldon (1995) cognitive - behavioral therapy model of treatment for people who need support in smoke free program. Cognitive –behavioral methods have attained a limited use with particular client groups, with mild anxiety and depression. The basic principle as this therapy is to divide into small steps for example:
- Help client to identify the consequences of the smoking- spend money, lung cancer, respiratory disease etc.
- Demonstrate the desire behavior, then get the client to research it.
- Help the client to understand how to discriminate between situation e.g. if is a stressful day at work you can chew a gum instead to light a cigarette
- Reducing the amount of cigarettes, a day /week /month. E. g save the money and buy something else. This cognitive –behavior therapy need to be closely monitored not to fail after discharge.
Tobacco control remains central to achieving Barking and Dagenham’s purpose and objective - to become a healthy borough. At present the smoking prevalence in Barking and Dagenham is 20.4% which equates to approximately 35,337 smokers. Barking and Dagenham remains one of the highest in London and further action is required to decrease smoking rates across the borough. We currently have the 5th highest prevalence of smoking in London. There are approximately 20,757 households in Barking and Dagenham with at least one smoke. To address the health inequalities and initiatives that promote lifestyle change and health and wellbeing Barking and Dagenham Barrow has initiates prevention programs.
The strategy aims to:
- Reduce health inequalities by working in partnership to reduce the smoking prevalence in Barking and Dagenham.
- Encourage people to see not smoking as being normal.
- Protect people from the dangers from the second-hand smoke.
- Target the groups who are most likely to smoke.
Biomedical Harmful Effects
Smoking is damaging your health, life and buildup of fatty materials in your body. I’m underlying that Tabaco deliver nicotine an addictive drug to the body. Nicotine is absorbed by the respiratory tract, blood, heart and to the brain. The nicotine is a “calming effect “reaction to your body. The flavor in cigarettes smoke is a source of the carcinogenicity which cause dependence. Clients who are trying the program “smoking free” frequently can be affected with mild anxiety or depression. Often the professional are offering together with the program and cognitive behavior to deliver the best outcome for “smoking free” program.
Statistics
Unfortunately, the people who are trying to give up of this bad habit, the unpleasant reaction is going to be physical and psychological. E.g. emotional states: migraines, shaking, lack of concentration, depression, stress etc. The Office for National Statistic in collaboration with Public Health England they announced that the annual Population Survey showed that the number of people who are trying to be nicotine free is descending. For example
In 2015, of all adults in the UK 17.2% smoked, down from 20.1% of adults who smoked in 2010, In 2015, of all adults in Great Britain who had previously smoked 56.7% had quit – the highest proportion of quitters since 1974.
In Great Britain, smoking is more common among those earning less than £10,000 per year in addition to those who are currently looking for work.2.3 million people in Great Britain used e-cigarettes in 2015; for half of these, “vaping” is used as a means to quit smoking.
Advertising and Public Health Measure
In order to maintain Tabaco consummators, Tabaco industry must persuade 2 million people to take habit each year to balance the number of smokers who die or quit. Cigarette advertising and promotional expenditure amounted $ 2 billion in 2012. NHS is spending £117 million for stroke. £542 million for heart disease, 666 million asthmas etc.
United Kingdom Government have putted in place the Health Act 2006. This includes regulatory measures, such as restricting promotion of tobacco products, increasing the price of tobacco through taxation, requiring health warning labels on packets, setting limits for emissions of tar, continue to set tax rates high enough to discourage people from smoking provide updated guidelines to make it easier for local trading standards and HM Revenue & Customs officers to work together to enforce the law against fake and smuggled tobacco.
Nicotine, restricting the sale of tobacco to those over 16 years of age. It also includes programs to encourage people to give up through information and education and an extensive range of services to help smokers to quit. These services include the NHS Stop Smoking Service, a telephone help line and a program of postal support.
Conclusion and Critical thinking
Quitting smoking could be extremely challenging. Most of the smokers have tried many alternatives that NHS provide with or without prescription. A survey /report has been done by BBC London source said that E-cigarette have helped thousands of people to stop the nicotine habit. Prof John Newton from Public Heath England has said that E-Cigarettes should be prescribed by the GP to support people in nicotine free program. Researches showed that E-cigarette is 95% safer, 20.000 people are quitting every year, and 40% haven’t tried them. The big issue in that the publication by BBC and Public Health is that the children and teenager they don’t understand E-cigarette is free from nicotine but they have other chemicals that is ruined their health. In Scotland teenager have start to vaping in the class because” is safer “than smoking.
E- cigarette is sold in different flavors, which is attractive form for young people and children. E-cigarette = vaping = stimming your organs are destroyed by chemicals and slows the immunity system to fight with illness or disease. E- cigarette slows down the effect of prescribed /non prescribed medicines. So as future social worker I pull signal alarm for the local authority, schools teachers and works environment.
The social care organizations, need support and holistic involvement to provide the best education in school programs, and treatments available for teenagers. Also the teenagers need to understand, general knowledge about danger of smoking and the benefits of lifestyle and wellbeing benefits. To be free from Tabaco habits /nicotine addiction you also need the “I will power” (Allen Carr).
