Investigation Of What Happens Before Volcano Erupts

Abstract

About this research, I am going to write the purpose and the background knowledge in the introduction. The methodology is writing about how I collect the data, the information and the knowledge. In the findings, I will write about the information and the data I find. In the discussion, I will discuss which advance will be better and the reason why it is better than another one. And at last, I will write the conclusions in the conclusions and recommendations.

Introduction

The research which I want to do is about the volcanoes. The reason why I want to do this is that I want to practice my ability of writing academic reports, develop my interest in science and improve my ability of self-study. I want to learn something about the volcanoes. Two scientific advances I chose are Volcanoes get quiet before they erupt and Taking the ‘pulse’ of volcanoes using satellite images. Based on my research, I got some background information. First, a volcano is a mountain. Under certain temperature and pressure conditions, the crust and upper mantle rocks partially melt and separate from the parent rocks. The molten body moves upward through pores or fissures and gradually accumulates in a certain part to form magma sac. As the amount of magma increased, the pressure on the magma sac increased. When the surface is not strong enough to keep magma from moving upward, magma rises toward the surface through weak points in the crust. And then, through a lot of physical or chemical reactions, there's a lot of volcanic activity. And volcanic eruptions are the most violent volcanic activity. About these two advances, I think the second one makes the greatest contributions to science. And this is my hypothesis.

Methodology

I checked a lot of materials from Baidu Baike and Wikipedia. Although these two websites can be edited by users, their input content will be reviewed and corrected by experts, especially the professional academic entries. And also I find some information from GAC website. The sources of these data are very reliable. All arguments are valid, but in some ways they are different. It's up to us readers to decide.

Findings

The result of the first scientific advance is this. There are all kinds of warning signs before a volcano erupts, such as ground deformation, withering plants, and small animals that react in a panic. And a recent study suggests that there is often a lull before a volcano erupts, like the torpor before a cheetah kills, or the lull before a storm. And the length of this quiet period and the intensity of the eruption also show a certain rule, the longer the brewing, the more violent the eruption. And another scientific advance is that a new study shows that volcanoes expand as magma rises before erupting, distorting the terrain. What's more, the deformation before the eruption can be observed by satellite.This raises the possibility of a possible eruption. After all, volcanoes are often populated because the land around them is fertile, like Mount Fuji. So this research could save many lives. These two advances are both about precursors to volcanic eruptions. But the second scientific advance is more concrete, with instruments.

Discussion

I think my hypothesis is correct. Because the data from the network sources, the second scientific advance is more scientific. There are specific experimental results that support this advance. But the first one is different from the second one. The first advance is base on a kind of rule. It is the objective law that appears according to the statistic of certain data. The study of volcanoes has no practical significance. This is only one aspect, another aspect is the prediction of volcanic activity. It is well known that volcanic eruptions cause great losses to human beings. The first scientific advance, volcanoes get quiet before they erupt, suggests that there is a distinct period of calm before the eruption, and the longer the calm period, the more violent the eruption. I don't think it has much practical significance in predicting eruptions. Because even according to the law before active volcanoes erupt, there is a period of calm before they erupt, But because of the lack of data or evidence that the public can understand or accept. Even if the people were evacuated and the city was cleared, but the volcano did not erupt or the quiet period was too long, people might have doubts about the evacuated government. Just like the fairy tale the Wolf is coming, the next evacuation may not be so smooth. But the second study, taking the ‘pulse’ of volcanoes using satellite images, is different. It has specific observations, and the satellite images are processed to make them easy for the public to understand and believe. The last aspect is the timeliness, the second scientific advance has obvious superiority on this point. “The pulse” is easily to be observed and easily to be noticed by researchers, the timeliness is long enough. But look at the first term, it is hard to be noticed that the volcanoes get quietly, and also the timeliness is shorter. Of course, the best way to help people is use both two ways to predict volcanic activity.

Conclusion and Recommendations

My results conclude that the second scientific advance is more important. Because the second scientific advance could better help humans avoid volcanic eruptions in time to prevent them from causing us great damage. It's also more specific and easier for the public to understand. So the second advance” Taking the ‘pulse’ of volcanoes using satellite images” is more important for human.

References

1. Taking the 'pulse' of volcanoes using satellite images, ScienceDaily[online]. Available at: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121105100923.htm [Accessed at 28 June 2019]
2. Volcanoes get quiet before they erupt,ScienceDaily[online]. Available at: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/06/160623150201.htm [Accessed at 28 June 2019]
3. Bagley, M. Volcano Facts and Types of Volcanoes, LiveScience[online]. Available at: https://www.livescience.com/27295-volcanoes.html [Accessed at 28 June 2019]
4. Attila, K. What Causes a Volcano to Erupt, and How Do Scientists Predict Eruptions?, SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN[online]. Available at: https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/what-causes-a-volcano-to-erupt-and-how-do-scientists-predict-eruptions/ [Accessed at 28 June 2019]
5. Signs Of An Imminent Volcanic Eruption, 99Survival[online]. Available at: https://cn.bing.com/search?q=A+portent+of+a+volcanic+eruption&qs=n&sp=-1&pq=a+portent+of+a+volcanic+eruption&sc=1-32&sk=&cvid=4A82310AADF744D4B299A83B5F43EBDC&first=11&FORM=PORE