Models Of Slum Redevelopment Methods In India

The present study “Models of Slum Redevelopment methods in India” analyzes Four different categories of Urban Squatter Settlements -also infamously known as Slums in India; The term now being deterred as derogatory and confined for local use only. The study compares these various methods of response to the slum dwellings in the Urban context of the developing metropolises in India namely: Ahmedabad, Delhi, Kolkata and Hyderabad through methods of Rehabilitation or in-situ development etc. and goes beyond in understanding and comparing the nuances of each situation.

The Confusion Between Slums And Squatter Settlements: From being called – Bastee, Juggi-johmpri in India to taking in consideration the legal upholding of land, squatter settlements differ from the Slums in the very fact that they are not necessarily physically and socially deteriorated like the slums. The term squatters defines the legal position of the settlement than the living conditions.

Informal settlements; low income settlements; Unplanned/Unauthorized/Uncontrolled/Shanty - These all terms define Slums, which also;In the case of India; are the squatter settlements. Slums are considered to be Illegal residential Areas in an urban locality inhabited by very poor who have no access to tenured land of their own and hence ‘squat’ on vacant land, either private or public has become a common phenomenon in all developing and under-developing countries.

The Research would focus on the study on Understanding the factors that differentiate between various methods in transforming the living patterns of Urban migrant squatters and mitigate the conditions of an ugly urban environment : an approach towards a probable solution or better alternative to improve their sustainability and impact on urban environment in contemporary cities.

Urban growth is affected largely by these migrants who come and squat illegally on lands and empty plots of the cities which are meant for other purposes and use to the city; hence converting into unhealthy and poor habitats which in turn affect the neighborhood living conditions; Their viability should be necessarily checked and looked up. Taking upon a case in Delhi as the country’s capital faces most acute problems of in sanitation and rehabilitation shortages due to over growth of these squatters. This study would cater to the city and it’s people on a larger scale; would address inevitable questions on urban living environments and put a different insight into the stated problems through case study.

Problems identified include urban sectors where the buildings “are in any respect unfit for human habitation”, or that “are by reason of dilapidation, overcrowding, faulty arrangement and design of such buildings, narrowness or faulty arrangement of streets, lack of ventilation, light or sanitation facilities, or any combination of these factors, detrimental to safety, health or morals”. The old and dilapidated urban core of Delhi classified as slum is in generally inhabited by tenants or proprietors with legal rights. Anna Nagar, Kidwai Nagar. Similiarly, a primary scenario Of Sanjay Nagar slums in Ahmedabad poses a successful model of Slum Networking which was also tested in Indore and Baroda.

Since 1960’s, has this phenomenon of squatter settlements making an impact on the Urban living conditions in India. However, to focus on the spatial organization of these squatters and to trace their very living pattern the study delineates a timeline from 1990 to 2018. World Scenario: By the end of the 18th century, people who lived in the towns and cities were estimated at about 30 per cent of the world population, but today about 48 per cent of the world's population live in urban areas. The world’s population is supposed to grow from 10 billion between 2150 and 2200. This increase will occur mostly in the urban areas, which will grow from 2 5 billion people to more than 6 billion people with nearly all of this increase occurring in the developing world In the shorter term, it is estimated that by 2020, the world’s population will reach a 57. 0 per cent urbanization level, of which almost 80. 0 per cent of the increase in the next two decades will occur in the developing courtiers. Therefore, within such a short period of time as two and a half centuries, relative to nearly five and a half millennia after the development of the first true cities, the population will change from a predominantly rural to a predominantly urban one.

Definition of squatter settlements varies from country to country but the basic idea is that these settlements are considered to be residential Areas in an urban locality inhabited by very poor who have no access to tenured land of their own and hence ‘squat’ on vacant land, either private or publicThis part of Man’s Struggle, SQUATTING - became a common phenomenon in all developing and under-developing countries; The roots of these have often been found in the after industrialization cities but the term has it’s own story.

Historical Development of the term, "Squatter Settlement": (1964) Squatter settlements have been in existence from a long time, in the sense that an individual other than the land owner has built houses with or without the consent of the land owner. But they were not illegal "squatter" settlements as we define and categorize them today. The term "squatter settlement" is infact a more recent western-initiated development, which came about by the writings of Charles Abrams and John Turner and particularly during and immediately after the Habitat Conference of 1976 in Vancouver, Canada. This delineation of such informal or spontaneous settlements as "squatter" settlements represented a growing change in attitude from outright hostility to that of support and protection.

Abrams (1964) illustrates the process of squatting as a "conquest" of city areas for the purpose of shelter, defined both by the law of force and the force of law. Turner (1969) takes a positive outlook and portrays squatter settlements as highly successful solutions to housing problems in urban areas of developing countries.

Payne (1977) similarly puts the development of squatter settlements in the overall perspective of urban growth in the third world and its inevitability. A vast number of case studies at the Habitat Conference at Vancouver in 1976 highlighted the conditions in squatter settlements, calling for a concerted and committed approach towards solving the problems.