Parkinson'S Disease Discription

It is estimated that in the United States, 60,000 individuals are diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease each year and that as many as 1 million Americans have Parkinson’s disease (VanMeter, K. C. & Hubert, R. J. , 2018). This specific disease has a defectiveness of the extrapyramidal motor system, the extrapyramidal tract is chiefly found in the reticular formation of the pons and medulla. The system is to target the lower neurons within the spinal cord which involves reflex, complex movements, locomotion, and postural positions. In this condition, there is a decline in the number of neurons in the substantia nigra secrete dopamine, an inhibitory neurotransmitter, leading to a disparity between excitation and inhibition in the basal nuclei. The overabundance incitement influences development and stance by expanding muscle tone and action, prompting resting tremors, solid inflexibility, trouble in demonstrating development, and postural insecurity.

Many patients with Parkinson’s disease have a compact number of cortical neurons, which is typical of dementia. The diagnosis depends on the physical displays and clinical history (VanMeter, et al. , 2018).

Research Focus

Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) also known as dardarin meaning trembling, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PARK8 gene. A large complex of proteins consuming six functional domains, two of them have been known as enzymatic activities. It has been proposed that the pathological mechanism in LRRK2 Parkinson’s disease could be motivated by a gain of function that results in increased the ability to transform from a phosphate group involving ATP to a specified molecule (Kozina, E. , Sadasivan, S. , Jiao, Y. , Dou, Y. , Ma, Z. , Tan, H. ,. . . Smeyne, R. J. 2018).

In the study that was put in place was whether the LRRK2 brokenness instigates a cross-talk between the outskirts and the focal sensory system to intercede both neuroinflammation and the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons. One of the potential qualifications to the findings is that the studies were carried out in mice that overexpressed mutant human LRRK2, rather than in mice carrying a knocked in point mutation in the murine Lrrk2 gene. The knocked in mice didn’t develop neither neuronal loss or abnormal locomotor response (Kozina, E. , et al. , 2018).

Research Affects

There are a lot of details on this subject that are still unclear in the pathology section whether the accurate mechanism is working in regarding to the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 being both the familial and non-familial forms of late onset of Parkinson’s disease (Kozina, E. , et al. , 2018). The contribution of peripheral irritation in LRRK2 related to Parkinson's disease can be upheld by the revisions exhibiting dysregulated interleukin and TGF-B motioning in immune cells from G20195 (mutation) patients and additionally extended in peripheral pro-irritation cytokines in the asymptomatic G20195 bearers. The wide-spread circulation of leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 in peripheral tissues related to immune response and its genetic implication in inflammatory disorders such as Crohn’s disease and leprosy reinforce the concept of leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 may act as a controller of the immune system (Kozina, E. , et al. , 2018).

Personal Discovery

I have worked in the nursing field for about 6 years now and have worked side by side with patients with Parkinson’s disease and how it affects them and their bodies. A person with the disease has difficulty doing daily activities or even just getting dressed in the mornings. The effects that come with having Parkinson’s disease are swallowing whether it be food or just sipping on water and speaking out just the smallest words. Two most often difficulties with swallowing and speaking involves the control of the voluntary muscles of the mouth and throat. This can be tremendously unsatisfying as well as theoretically dangerous, as choking, dehydration, and malnutrition can result.

They also have a hard time sleeping or falling asleep especially if they’re in a hospital and not in a familiar environment or not being able to perform their bedtime routines. When caring for somebody with Parkinson’s disease you always must remember that they can’t move like we can, it takes them more time to reach for a glass of water or even speak in a relatively quick manner. There are multiple research projects out there on Parkinson’s disease and I am hopefully we can figure out where it generates from and help the people that suffer from this disease.