Sensor Efficient Intelligent Street Light System

Abstract

Active street lighting has emerged as an essential factor in strategies for a resource-efficient economy and realization of sustainable growth. In the outdoor area, lights represent approximately 40 % of the total energy consumption at night and have much energy saving potential. However proper usage of electricity could also is one of the effective tools for saving the conventional fuels. The main aim of the proposed system is to implement an intelligent lighting system to activate street lights only when they will be used to maintain secure and safe traffic reasons.

Introduction

Smart Street Lighting System is an intelligent street lighting control system that has to light up at the right time and perform seamlessly. The smart street lighting system is basically an intelligent system which is designed such that the street lights automatically switches OFF and ON based on the sunlight. Street lighting system meant for providing safer traffic conditions, safer pedestrian environment and it signifies an improvement to the city’s architectural, touristic and commercial output. The main motto of Smart Street Lighting system is to monitors the status of temperature, light, and power consumption in LED street lights and to automatically on/off the street light based on the sensor. By implementing such type of system that can perform individual dimming and ON/OFF switching of the street lights becomes an easy task.

Municipal road lighting has the task of contributing to traffic safety on roads during the dark hours of the day. For a long time, many municipalities were forced to reduce or switch off street lighting at night due to financial problems. Conventional lighting shutdown has a negative impact on many areas of society. The risk of accidents increases, the quality of life decreases as same as the attractiveness of a city. The LED offers the function of continuous dimming, in contrast to a similar energy-efficient fluorescent energy saving lamp. This essential functional advantage has, so far, hardly been used in LED street lighting. In the actual state, LED lamps, such as conventional lamps with half-night switching, are either activated or deactivated completely to save power. The pervasive use of LEDs in public street lighting, however, allows new strategies of lighting with the inclusion of dimming. Automatic controlling of lights, which not only reduces energy consumption but also offers longer life and less maintenance to cut the system cost. The proposed framework gives an idea to activate street lights only when they will be used to maintain secure and safe traffic reasons. The system switched on the street lights after motion detection and off depending upon the conditions.

Problem Statement

The street light in the city consume energy even if it is not needed and the street light is one of the huge expenses in a city. Currently street light are switch on/off manually i.e. switch is OFF in morning and ON in evening. Light is ON the whole night which is not needed so with the help of IOT we can save this energy by switching ON/OFF when it is needed.

Literature Survey

The rich research is available on these smart street lighting systems. Gul Shahzad, et al. suggests a framework for solar power and wirelessly connected group of LED lights, which are switched on and off based on the presence of traffic on the highway. When replaced with LED lights, it saves around 80 % of energy over previously-installed metal halide bulbs. Liuyi Ling, et al. focuses on the utilization of photovoltaic power applied in LED street lighting and an intelligent lighting system is developed. Addition to that a Zig bee based wireless communication module has been developed for potential monitoring the LED street lights for future work. Ming Hwa Sheu, et al. explores how the embedded system monitors the road status and output control instructions. As fog or rain is detected, the embedded system immediately instructs the power IC to drive multi-color LEDs for generating the lower color temperature light. An intelligent LED street light which integrates multicolor LED, power driving IC, and embedded image processing is proposed.

Zhixiong Ke, et al. introduces a wireless street light control system based on ZigBee network, which realizes on/off control, power adjustment and fault monitoring. The system gets the street lights parameters and realizes remote monitoring through ZigBee communication. Florian Knobloch et al. introduced the deterministic model to control street illumination depending on traffic needs for improving energy efficiency. The light on demand (LOD) system incorporates the traffic velocity into the model and generates results that are more relevant to real-time traffic needs while ensuring safety and security. Bhagyashre Beeraladinni et al. briefly describes street light automation PIR (passive infrared )Sensor is used to detect the objects in motion and LDR (light dependent resistor) to detect day/night condition based on the luminance (light). Mugdha focuses on one of the solutions for this problem, i.e. by building smart street lights which will reduce power wastage because of unnecessary lighting of street lights regardless of traffic density and at odd hours. Another method to save power using this technique is elaborated in the paper as well.

K.H.S.D.Abhishek et al describe a scalable, holistic and efficient solution that provides lighting only when necessary (according to the instant weather conditions or the presence of persons and vehicles) with the objective of reducing the cost in the municipalities, helping the economic recovery. The level of light will be conveniently regulated, thus avoiding over lighting and glare. Pilar Elejoste et al focuses on wireless communication technologies, will minimize the cost of investment of traditional wired systems, which always need civil engineering for burying of cable underground and consequently are more expensive than if the connection of the different nodes is made over the air. The deployed solution will be aware of their surrounding’s environmental conditions, a fact that will be approached for the system intelligence in order to learn, and later, apply dynamic rules. It also provides tangible solutions to reduce energy consumption according to the contextual needs, an exact calculation of energy consumption and reliable mechanisms for preventive maintenance of facilities. Moeenuddin Md. Mohsin at all. proposed street lighting system is highly energy efficient and automated. It uses ZigBee - based wireless devices due to which street lamp system becomes more efficient. ZigBee network is connected to GSM through the computer which is located in a base station. Sensor combination is used to control and manage the desired system parameters. The information is transferred to a control terminal using ZigBee network which is used to check the prominence of the street light. Appropriate action is taken whenever the system fails, by observing the status of the street light. Chen-Wei Yang et al. introduces a two-lane street with pedestrian paths based on the IEC 61499 standard. The proposed system can exploit real-time sensing information of individual road users while conforming to traffic safety-related requirements for road lighting.

Proposed System

System Architecture

The main idea of the system is to activate street lights only when they will be used i.e. when passerby or vehicle passes to maintain secure and safe traffic reasons and reduce energy consumption. Figure shows the architecture of the proposed system.

• On/OFF Street Lights

Street lights can be switched on/off using a relay switch. The switch is controlled by android board having built in Wi-Fi connection. Street lights are to be smartly switched on/ off using detected light/traffic but admin has a choice to manually start/stop the light.

If the first IR sensor is cut then the light is on till the second IR sensor. Also the second IR sensor value is cut then the light ahead of next sensor is on. And remaining lights are off.

• View Energy consumption

Every street light is configured with a voltage and current sensor; we measure the amount current and voltage flowing though the light. Sensors also indicates if there is any failure in the light. Energy consumed is also logged on the server.

• View Traffic status

Motion sensor is used to count number of vehicles passing by every hour. This value is also synchronized with server to analyze street light operations for next week.

• Monitor Street lights for failure

If there is no current flowing through the current sensor and light status is ON then we consider the light in failed state and report it to server.

• Monitor street light/temperature sensor

Temperature sensor reports running temperature of the Street light. In case of failure, we can check the log of temperature and current sensor. Light sensor is used to detect day and night conditions for on/off operations

• Data analysis and inference

The system used following data parameters for analysis purpose voltage sensor reading, current senor reading, light sensor reading, temperature, current_status_light, prev_status_light, time, date.

B. System Flow

System Advantages:

1. Reduces energy consumption.
2. Smart way to use street lights.
3. To provide highest power savings, while respecting secure traffic.

Algorithm

ID3 builds own decision tree from a fixed set of examples. The resulting tree is used in classification future samples. The leaf nodes of the tree contain the class name where as a non-leaf node is a decision node. The decision node is an attribute test with every branch (to another decision tree) being a possible value of the attribute. ID3 uses information gain which helps to decide which attribute goes into a decision node

Algorithm:

1. Establish Classification Attribute
2. Compute Classification Entropy.
3. For every attribute in R, calculate Information Gain using classification attribute.
4. Select Attributes with the highest gain to be the next Node in the tree (starting from the Root node).
5. Remove Node Attribute, creating reduced table RS.
6. Repeat steps 3 to 5 until all the attributes have been used, or the same classification value remains for all rows in the reduced table.

Results

The main of the system is to activate street lights only when they will be used to maintain secure and safe traffic reasons. Figure 3 shows the experimental setup of the proposed system. The system switches ON the light when detect the motion using IR sensor. If the first IR sensor is cut then the light is on till the second IR sensor. Also the second IR sensor value is cut then the light ahead of next sensor is on. And remaining lights are off.

Conclusion

The proposed system has a feature of automatic dimming control which eventually decreases the energy consumption and also the overall cost. The ideal alternatives we get with the movement sensor and time control module will be the effective ones in securing power sparing. The higher amount of energy consumption associated with street lights is to contribute by the inefficient system, in which luminaries require high amount of energy. The road of airport or technical development zone is wide, and with less surrounding buildings, so there will be less interference, which makes them the best place to apply wireless street light system.

Future Scope

The paper has future scope for traffic management using camera fitted on street light, Carbon dioxide level detection using CO2 sensor, Solar Panel on Street Light to use the solar energy as a source.

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