Taliban and Evolution of Terrorist Groups in Afghanistan
To analysis the eradication of regional terrorism in Afghanistan, we must look at The evolution of terrorist groups in Afghanistan.
When the Soviet Union invaded at the request of Central government of Afghanistan which was called by Mujahidin Soviet designated government, in that war which war continued for ten years, it was started from 1979 and ended in 1989.Soveit Union supported directly the Communist Afghan government and The Mujahidin were backed indirectly by United states of America and its Allies. Mujahidin who survived in the battleground called themselves Warriors or who killed in the war zone called them holy martyrs. According to Muslim script jihad calls a holy war who defend themselves against any tyrants. There were foreign supporters for Afghan holy war like among them was a Saudi Arabian the 17th child of a millionaire construction magnate named Osama bin Laden, who provided the Mujahidin with money, weapons and fighters [1]. Al-Qaeda leader appeared when Taliban came into power with indirect support of Pakistan, they appeared from a religious school from Kandahar and captured all Afghanistan except Panjshir and Badakhshan Province with direct support of people because they were intellectual figures. During Taliban Period there was security all over Afghanistan. Taliban ruled in Afghanistan from 1996-2001. When the 9/11 terrorist attack happened in United States of America, It’s main Architect was Osama Bin Ladin and his allied then America requested Taliban to extradite him to it, Afterward Taliban didn’t accept. Bin Laden Used Afghanistan as a base of operation from which to build his Al-Qaeda Network, then United Nations Passed a resolution and gave order to US and its Allies to invade Afghanistan, then they started bombardments of terrorists’ heaven with direct support of Northern Alliance of Afghanistan and captured Afghanistan within one month.US and its allies instilled a new government according to Bonn agreement and Hamid Karzai became president for Temporary after that Transitional government. From 2001 until now the war is going on. Terrorists along with Taliban enclaved vast areas of Afghanistan. This war tis not between Taliban and Afghan government, but it is a regional intelligence war supported by Pakistan Iran and recently by Russia. The main Non-State actor is Pakistan, Pakistan has key of Peace and eradication of war in Afghanistan, if Pakistan honestly wants it [2]. Afghanistan people will not be happy unless Pakistan and other neighbour countries full-fledged participation with Afghanistan reconciliation and if they want peace and stability in their countries there must be existence of a stable and peaceful government. However, one day the fire of instability will be extended to their home countries. We must take part for the extermination of the imposed war in Afghanistan, there must actual and loyal participation who have had blind eyes towards Afghanistan and we must reach to a full conclusive by-product. those counties who are the real participants who are invited or not invited must set together and make a comprehensive framework with permanent ceasefire and merging both sides as oneness, removing their slaughter houses and safe heaven and make Afghanistan great and peaceful again. One of top politician of United Kingdom regarding Afghan unannounced war said:
If Afghanistan is to have a more peaceful and prosperous future, it needs not just a new internal political settlement but also an external one[3] . There are Key regional players Pakistan, Russia, China and Iran are all on board. And, most significantly, Taliban have showed their desire to search peace. They have monopolistic control over them like financially, logistically and even some of the given then training sanctuaries and terror camps not only for destabilizations of Afghanistan, but also a key weapons how to confront US in Afghanistan. In addition to that Taliban working for their regional partners how to keep their interests like demolitions of education sector, making lots of obstacles how to exterminate Afghanistan energy sector like detonating of electricity and water suppling dams, misusing mineral resources and smuggle to the aforementioned countries. On the contrary, they want to flow the water to Pakistan and Iran without any barriers.in nutshell Taliban is the main sources of the equipment how to keep their partners’ national interests in Afghanistan. The main reason is that Taliban insurgents do not inter-Afghan Peace dialogue. Afghan Government told them several times. However, they refused to talk with the central government, they say Central government is Puppet of US. This is where Pakistan can be helpful. According to the Lindsey Graham Head of Defence Committee of US Senate, Afghan war can be ended in few weeks if Pakistan Denies Safe heaven to Taliban, He said: As to negotiating with Taliban, I think we got the wrong, I think what should we do, is to start negotiating with Pakistan, If Pakistan denies safe heaven in Pakistan, the war in Afghanistan would end in a matter of weeks [4]. The status quo of Afghanistan is under control of big regional Powers like USA, Russia, China, Iran and India. Some of them like Iran and Pakistan do not want stability in Afghanistan because of their national interests. Pakistan pre-conditions indirectly are we do not want existence of Indian greater policy like number of consulates they always use for intelligence, insecurity of Pakistan, give support to Baloch freedom fighter, Afghanistan must end its strategic partnership with India. Pakistan other demands that Afghanistan must not make dams and barrier on water that flows to Pakistan, Afghanistan must share intelligence, Afghanistan must sign a security pact with Pakistan, gives offices to its military and intelligence attachés inside Defence Ministry and General Intelligence Directorate, send the security officers for training in Pakistan and the last one is permanently recognise Durand Line, then the war will be ended. However, those demands were totally rejected from Afghan government, Iran demands are like they do not want US presence and water problem. Russia supports Taliban because US wants to transfer the fake project of Daesh to the Central Asia, China the same like Russia.Nonethless India wants to have friendly relationships with Afghanistan and support our country in various sectors like Education, Defence and Energy. All the Afghan People say, India Produces Education, Energy Reconstruction, on the contrary Pakistan Produces Regional Terrorism in Afghanistan. This battle is imposed by Regional Power, approximately from both sides Like Taliban, Afghan Forces and the Local give every day nearly 250 sacrifice. There are other Terrorist Organisations and groups and their numbers around 4o like Lashkar –e-Tayeeba, Haqani Terrorist group, Al-Qaeda, ISIS. Whereas they working under one group supported 90% by Pakistan and the rest by Iran, Russia. They have training camps inside Pakistan, Iran and operate in India, Afghanistan. On 2017 UN Special Representative for Afghanistan Tadamichi Yamamoto gave his report regarding situation of Afghanistan to the Security Council and Said, That Afghanistan must work to improve trust in security sector amid rising tension, Terrorist attacks. Afghan Rebels started big offensive in Afghanistan after the withdrawal of most Resolute Support troops at the end of 2014. One of the main reasons that that insurgents use because of feeble, full of nepotism, illiteracy in government sector, mafias, disloyal to their own government and nation, mal-administration. that is why the insurgent day-by day well equipped and full recovered with foreign support and using of public consensus and mass median which are existed under their own realm. This is where the regional terrorism is not exterminated because of their national interests
The first Problem is that that we may counter Is the use of Terrorism Rational? That the Terrorism by violating intentionally held norms regarding the targeting of civilians in armed conflict, deliberately aims to appear beyond rationalization in order to amplify the psychological effect of an Attack. The prevalence of this Strategic logic, drawing on well-established tradition of bargaining Theory and coercion, can be deduced from both the behaviour and the statements made by terrorist Organisations [5], Discussing concepts of Terrorist Rationality? Terrorist often deviate from instrumentally rational behaviour and to be motivated by other than political reasons [6]. Moreover, Is Terrorism Really Rational? The study of terrorism has always been a complex, challenging and multifarious task, at least for the first part of the 20th century, after 9/11 the multidisciplinary field of terrorism experienced tremendous growth [7]. The Scope of Terrorism that It was mentioned by someone who misinterpret the United states of America State Department evaluation, that: Primary terrorists to the United States emanate from Middle East and South Asia. The actual warning of terrorism and the valid fear of It will lie not only the power of Terrorists but also the quantity of Terrorists activities [8].
Terrorism is a brain tumour which spreads without coordination of regional partner, it resists wherever there is no availability of powerful central government. Terrorism promulgates their voices through unlawful ways with the indirect sponsorship of regional participant in order to keep their national interests. Terrorism make the fundamental systems of a government like education system, destabilise the economic sector and brings turmoil and darkness to the society. Afghanistan exasperated for the last four decades wherein there were hand of neighbour countries to keep their own interest which are demographic change, water, minerals, weak central government. Afghanistan needs a full-fledged peace framework, whose participants must be regional and neighbour countries who have direct or indirect influence on Terrorist Groups and who give direct and indirect sponsorship like training camps within or outside countries whim have boundaries with Afghanistan. The government must be cleansed from betrayals, nepotism, corruption, illiteracy and installed young generation who have an idea of Afghanistan rebuilding and say to regional terrorism No, make a strong foreign policy that includes national interests, strong reaction to the proponents of regional terrorism by the help of some good regional friends like India. In that case we can say no to terrorism in Afghanistan. If Afghanistan is safe, stable, the rest of the regions who is going to face with terrorism will be safe.
I hypothesize that they are the enemies of humanity, they have not started the infighting for the sake of God and getting after dying Heaven, I can say they are the stooges of regional countries in order to keep their benefits, it will be more challengeable to take risk for the protection of the public. However, they are misleading and Preaching most of the illiterate People who are living in the mountainous and rural areas who do not have access to education, public consensus and mass media.And I will examine if the regional countries do not come with one another with a compromise, the regional fake terrorism that only Afghan people give the sacrifice.
Bibliography
- Terrorists (Al Qaeda)9 September 2019, Brief Summary.
- Hamid Karzai, 10 March 2010, visit to Pakistan,
- Former UK foreign Minister David Miliband, 11 March 2010, viewpoint regarding eradication of terrorists in Afghanistan.
- Lindsey Graham, 10 December 2019, Interview with Fox News regarding Peace in Afghanistan,
- By Alexandria Reid, May2015, Is the use of Terrorism Rational? King’s College London.
- Eric Van Um, 1 March 2010, Viewpoint concepts of Terrorist Rationality: Implication for counterterrorism Policy, Published by The Journal of Defence & Peace Economics.
- Yvonnemarie Antonoglou, 12 March 2018, Is Terrorism Really Rational?
- DAVE CRYSTAL, 8 March 2000, The Scope of Terrorism, Staten Island.
