A Challenge Facing Healthcare System in the UAE: Mental Illnesses
Mental disorders currently affect around 450 million individuals around the world placing it on one of the most common reasons of illness in the modern time (World Health Organization, 2001). Studies show that treatments to such disorders are available but about two-thirds of patients do not seek help or treatments due to fear of stigma, discrimination or being neglected (World Health Organisation,2001). Mental disorders are considered disorders that affect the way an individual think, behaves, feels or a combination of these three factors (Parekh,2018). They are caused by physical, physiological, social and environmental causes. Physical causes include misuse of drugs, excessive alcohol consumption, vitamins deficiency or a form of physical injury that builds up to contribute to a mental disorder (Link, Phelan, Bresnahan, Stueve &Pescosolido,1999). Physiological reasons include enduring traumatic events that are current or in the past such as forms of abuse or a life changing events such as divorce or losing a loved one (Link, Phelan, Bresnahan, Stueve &Pescosolido,1999).
The factors around the individual such as family, social status, employment status are also one of the reasons that may lead to mental illness. For example, family pressure in being what they want their child to achieve or peer pressure that makes an individual do what they do not like. Difficulties in such aspects or imbalance in them may pressure the individual's mental health and cause mental illnesses one (Link, Phelan, Bresnahan, Stueve &Pescosolido,1999). The field of mental health services has been introduced in the UAE by the mid 1970's, and since then it has spread and developed within the seven Emirates (Sayed,2015). (Haque & Kindi, 2015) state that the health field within the UAE is developing by time but the development rate is limited due to the misconception locals have towards seeking help from professionals on their mental health problems. Many reasons that are social and religious prevent people in the UAE from going to a psychiatrist. People who are considered mentally ill have to live with social stigma as it is seen as a factor that makes the individual devalued or strange (Azhar et Al. , 2015).
People that are mentally ill are more likely to be discriminated when seeking for employment opportunities as employers think that they might be dangerous or can act unpredictably. They also have less chances in managing social relationships due to the perspective the society has towards them (Azhar et Al. , 2015). There is a common paradigm in the gulf or between Arabs in general that an individual that is mentally ill does not have strong faith and that leads people to go to a "Mattawa" which is a religious man that uses nonmedical techniques using the Quran or traditional medicine to cure patients by driving the "evil eye" or "evil spirits" away (Sayed,2015). Such phenomena are traditionally believed to take over a person's life or body and lead them to become mentally ill (Sayed, 2015). Traditional ways of treating patients have limited research. To the majority of the society, admitting to being mentally ill is a weakness.
The United Arab Emirates is a Muslim country and its people follow their religion closely, but there is no specific instructions in the Quran that state anything about mental health, but it is stated ‘There is no blame on the blind, nor is there blame on the lame, nor is there blame on the sick’ (Al-Fath 48: 17). Mattawas and traditional healers in general do not have any interaction with psychiatrists, so getting them involved in the treatment may reduce the stigma in the society (Sweilam, Watson, Kassem, Clifton, McDonald, Lipski, Deshpande, Mansour, Nimgaonkar, 2014). Since Mattawas are the first solution people see when their mental illness symptoms appear, they are able to lead the patients to psychiatrists and show them that that there is no shame in getting treated. Another way stigma towards mental illness can be reduced is by showing families how important their support is and can have an effect on the trip to treatment.
A survey made in Egypt, which is an Arab country that shares many similarities in tradition and belief with the United Arab Emirates, about a study in the area of psychiatric stigma towards mental illnesses and alcohol abuse and in one of the surveys the Egyptian gave responses that considered that social and environmental support is the most efficient way to overcome these illnesses (Coker, 2005). In conclusion, the healthcare system is facing many factors that impede development in any way in the treatment of the mentally ill in the UAE, and the most common factors are stigma, social environment and religion.
