Improving Reading Fluency and Comprehension in Adult Esl Learners Using Bottom-up and Top-down Vocabulary Strategy
Two common teaching strategies are known as top-down and bottom-up, which they take opposite approaches to provide students with an education.P.L.Carrell (1988) states, a top-down teaching style focuses on providing students a large view of a subject, immersing them in a big picture without explaining...
