Agro-Ecological Evaluation Of Agricultural Productive Systems In The Centella Miniaturized Scale Watershed (Dagua, Colombia)
The Sustainability Index of Agricultural Productive Systems (ISSPA) assessed the agroecological trustworthiness of the properties situated in the Centella miniaturized scale watershed (Dagua, Valle del Cauca). The assessment considered: soil and cover administration, water, strong waste, financial and political-institutional viewpoints. Altogether, 23 pointers were gathered into the four assessment zones set up by the specialized group and the network. Once the data of the markers was combined with the ISSPA, as an arrangement of agroecological prerequisites that permitted looking at creation frameworks and assessing states of honesty between the examined properties, least limits of their ability were characterized. biological system to help human-centered employments. The outcomes demonstrated that 38% of the homesteads are agroecological beacons, 56% are over the edge and just 6% are underneath it. Beacon ranches are a case for the administration and preservation of assets, arranging, the advancement of systems that add to environmental uprightness and the advancement of economical human improvement in the wide open.
Introduction
Through various improvement approaches, mankind has executed an assortment of gainful procedures for getting seeds, sowing, gathering and trading and advertising nourishment; producing incredible effects that are communicated in social clashes and procedures of natural debasement that influence the base of the ecosystemic sustentation. Despite the fact that horticulture keeps on being a main impetus for advancement in the 21st century, it faces new difficulties: the corruption of regular assets, fluctuation and environmental change, unhindered commerce and the improvement of new advances, among others. The current farming creation demonstrate, acquired from the Green Revolution, depends on the industrialization of characteristic assets and the advertising of country society; circumstance that advances the development of monocultures, hereditarily adjusted items, soil corruption, loss of biodiversity, serious utilization of agrochemicals and a resulting increment in provincial destitution and decrease of conventional agribusiness.
New techniques that seek after supportable improvement of farming creation implies, with a more earthy person propensity, that represent the need to change the overwhelming model of rural generation, towards more manageable ones, develop conversely. Among these propensities emerge the methods for worker generation, for the most part dependent on rules that additionally utilizes agroecology, perceived as a science and an arrangement of practices dependent on the use of nature to the investigation, outline and administration of manageable agroecosystems; which has as a crucial guideline: create agroecosystems with insignificant reliance on agrochemicals and vitality inputs, which prompts agrarian expansion went for advancing organic cooperations and advantageous collaborations among the segments of the agroecosystem, to permit the recuperation of soil fruitfulness and keeping up efficiency and securing crops.
Agroecology deals with an idea of regard for nature that advances the reasonable support of ranchers and salvages genealogical information. At present, creation is seen as a significantly more extensive framework, with many collaborating parts that incorporate natural, monetary and social segments; being these mind boggling cooperations and their equalization of worry in late decades, which has prompted ponder economical agroecosystems.
Description of the study area
Paradigmatically, the Dagua waterway bowl is vital during the time spent financial inclusion of Colombia to the world and merits the consideration of the Departmental and National Government, however like the majority of the bowls of the nation it displays a dynamic crumbling, result of the insufficient natural administration of beneficial exercises; particularly disintegration issues that create mass developments and the yearly dumping of 250, 000, 000 Kg t of residue through the stream, to the entrance channel to the Bay of Buenaventura, where the principle port of the nation is found, making regular speculation essential of huge entireties of cash in digging, so expansive vessels can enter the port. Especially, the Dagua stream bowl contains in excess of 8 life zones, (which incorporates an extraordinary ecological significance, which, if a strategy isn't created with the goal of assets for the recuperation of the bowl, will produce awesome financial, social and monetary misfortunes. ecological. The Centella smaller scale bowl in the region of Dagua, presents destabilization of the natural offer, extension of the rural wilderness, deficient administration of rural frameworks, soil corruption, loss of water quality, defilement by agrochemicals, lacking administration of the generation of harvests, for example, pineapple in slope regions and social issues identified with land residency, the disposal of family arrive, the convergence of assets and creation, which raise the need to manage the choices and activities in it, towards maintainable advancement as a libertarian hone. Therefore, it was chosen as a need zone for the spatial scale usage of the pointers, which were assessed in three territories: La Virgen, Aguas Calientes and Centella.
Methodological approach
World Heritage Convention, received by the General Conference of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) in 1972, built up the World Heritage List as a worldwide component to distinguish and ensure regular, social and blended products of all inclusive esteem. As to thought of manageability, the Convention sets up that World Heritage properties must have natural and socially economical utilizations. Notwithstanding, it must be borne at the top of the priority list that the distinctions in tending to the possibility of sustainability compare to the kind of epistemological methodology received, which might be technocentric or ecocentric. The primary, contends that in innovation lies the arrangement of supportability issues, the second, is slanted towards an ecosystemic see that infers an adjustment in the general public nature relationship, checking the hurtful impacts of the present advancement display.
Inside the ecocentric approach is Agroecology; hypothetical and methodological point of view that thinks about agrarian frameworks as the aftereffect of the coevolution among society and nature, where the expansion of sociocultural and biological decent variety is determinant. As indicated by this point of view, characteristic legacy incorporates the divisions of nature that individuals esteem and proper, that is, they move from "regular space" to "social space", either as components or as ecosystemic streams. Maintainability is characterized here from the harmony between the profitability and the biological uprightness of the framework, so that the ecological, financial and socio-social suitability of agribusiness is ensured.
Indicators of sustainable development
Pointers are signals that outline pertinent data about a particular marvel, which not just makes an issue of intrigue obvious or detectable, yet additionally features it quantitatively and conveys the fundamental data. The discussion on feasible advancement markers can be summed up regarding two streams. From one perspective, the institutional ideas of markers, with accentuation on the development of manageable advancement models utilizing key pointers or exceptionally accumulated markers. The most notable idea is the Pressure-State-Response demonstrate, OECD (1993), and the Conductive-State-Response display, utilized by the Commission of the United Nations for Sustainable Development.
The agroecological model for the evaluation of sustainability
This model characterizes supportability as "an arrangement of agroecological necessities that must be fulfilled by any property, paying little respect to the distinctions in administration, financial level, position in the scene, and so forth. As every one of the estimations made depend on similar markers, The outcomes are equivalent, encouraging the investigation of each agroecosystem after some time, or correlations between homesteads in a few change states. Perhaps the most vital thing is that once the pointers are connected, every rancher can imagine the condition of his homestead, deciding for each property of the dirt or of the plants the state in connection to a pre-set up limit When the approach is connected in a few properties, it is extremely helpful for the agriculturists since it enables them to comprehend the reasons why a few properties have a better natural reaction than others, and what measures to actualize to enhance those viewpoints in which the most low qualities.
Structure and operation of the diagnosis
The composed review contains 25 questions; Initially, we asked about the general data of the respondent (name, sexual orientation, age, conjugal status, youngsters, occupation, considers, place of starting point, and so forth. ) and the property (augmentation of the homestead, region accessible for development, woods region, among others). Questions one to eight relate to the dirt and cover administration factor, from nine (9) to fourteen the water administration factor, seven on financial and political institutional angles and two on dealing with and transfer of strong waste. In the study, agriculturists, on a rating size of 1, 5 or 10, demonstrated the utilization of certain social practices, the level of fulfillment with beneficial viewpoints, the level of learning of regular assets and the administration they perform on their property. , for the most part in farming generation frameworks; getting a first evaluation of the present state and the supportability of the beneficial frameworks.
Results
The distinctive gainful frameworks assessed were analyzed, gathering the properties by limits, as indicated by the assessment of the 23 markers under the ISPPA scale, as appeared in table 4. The dirt and cover administration introduced the best number of markers, stressing here, in light of the fact that it establishes a perspective that records for the structure and elements of the framework, for instance, permits to decide the connection between plant assorted variety and nuisance control, relationship of products and utilization of manures, and so forth. 38% of the assessed ranches can be distinguished as "agroecological guides", 56% are "over the edge of biological trustworthiness" and just 6% are "beneath the edge ", that is, its environmental uprightness is being influenced by unsustainable rural practices. The outspread charts or single adaptable cells, incorporate the outcomes gotten by every agriculturist and permit to watch the qualities of the ranches in every assessment territory. Homesteads "Faros" are frameworks where the administration of water, strong waste and soil administration and inclusions present the best conditions, cultivating communications and natural collaborations that express a satisfactory working of the gainful framework; along these lines ecological corruption forms are averted and controlled and a normal financial help is ensured for agriculturists.
As a rule, they are ranches of variable size, which run somewhere in the range of 2 and 8 ha, in which they have been saved some rate for assurance of the timberland in the Centella bowl; the most delegate case is Finca La Camelia, which has saved 25% of the aggregate territory of the property for the insurance and preservation of the woods (2 ha), and the Santa Librada cultivate with one hectare of secured backwoods.
