Analysis Of The Effects Of Computers Particularly On The Environment And Politics
Global computer networks have become not only a means of rapid exchange of information, but also a huge, moreover, extremely mobile storage of a variety of information. The unification of the global Internet networks marks the third information revolution, when almost all the information accumulated by mankind has been translated into electronic media, and powerful computers, combined into global networks and equipped with effective means of information retrieval, are able to quickly deliver this information to the user from any corner of the planet. Nowadays, computerisation has become firmly established in our lives. It has entered into all spheres of the economy: industry, management, banking, trade. Improving education is also closely linked to the use of computers. It can be used for both leisure and work. With it a person can watch videos, work with documents, process photos and video files, play games. Let's find out what a computer is and how it works. A computer is a device designed to automatically perform sequential actions in accordance with the program. The main components that make your computer work are hardware and software. The computer includes four main types of hardware devices that allow you to receive, transmit, store and process information: First, the processing and control device is a processor. Second, the storage device is internal and external memory. The third input device - includes a keyboard, mouse, tablet, scanner. Fourth, the output device consists of a display, printer, plotter. A program is a sequence of commands that instruct a computer in the order in which it processes data to achieve a specific result. The main characteristics of a personal computer: the processor is characterised by clock speed and bit rate. The clock rate is the number of processor cycles per second, and the clock rate is the amount of time in which an elementary operation is performed (for example, addition). Some operations are performed by the processor in several cycles. The clock frequency is set by a special chip-a clock generator that produces periodic pulses. Clock frequency is the number of pulses generated per second, synchronising the work of computer nodes. It is measured in megahertz (MHz) and gigahertz (GHz). It is the clock frequency that determines the speed of the computer. Processor bit-the maximum length of binary code that can be processed or transmitted by the processor as a whole. Modern PCs usually work with 32-bit or 64-bit processors, there are processors with 128 bits. For internal memory, the most important characteristic is its size. Modern programs require 128 MB, 256 MB or more of RAM. The system bus is characterised by clock speed and bit width.
The number of bits simultaneously transmitted over the bus is called the bit width of the bus. The clock frequency of the bus is the frequency at which data is exchanged between the processor and the system bus of the computer, measured in megahertz and gigahertz. For successful 'communication' with the computer is harmful to perceive it as a black box, which is about to give something unexpected. To understand the reaction of the computer to Your actions, you need to know how it works and how it works. The computer stores, transmits and processes information in the form of zeros '0' and units '1', that is, binary code and binary number system are used. For example, the decimal number '9' he sees as a binary number '1001'. In the form of zeros and units are stored and all the data to be processed, and all the programs that guide the processing. When the computer is turned off, all programs and data are stored on the hard disk. When you turn on the computer and start the program, the following happens, the program from the hard disk is entered into memory and tells the processor which data to load into memory. Then the processor alternately executes the program commands, processing the data in portions, taking them from the RAM. When the data is processed, the result of the calculations the processor returns to memory and takes the next portion of data. As a result, the result of the program is returned to the hard disk and saved. That is, the computer works with 0 and 1, and when the information comes to the output device (display, printer, plotter), it is translated into the usual images (image, sound, picture). Computers begin to affect the lives of every human being. If a person gets sick, and if he is sent to the hospital, then once there, he will be in a world where people's lives depend on computers. Gradually, the study of computer technology is trying to enter into the school curriculum as a compulsory subject, so that the child could already from a fairly early age to know the structure and capabilities of computers. Even in elementary school computers are introduced to study courses of elementary mathematics and physics. In addition, as it became easy to find any interesting information, a person just needs to enter the request and click the appropriate button. If that's not enough, think about how much industry and manufacturing technology has grown when automated robots do most of the work. The computer today is a means of communication, and the connection itself is currently the cheapest. For people with disabilities, sometimes this is the only way not only to communicate, but also due to modern computer technology, such people can realize themselves, get a job.
Computer technology has a positive effect on the development of children when used correctly. It is noted that with proper selection of programs and games, children develop logical thinking better, coordination of eyes and hands improves. The child develops self-confidence and self-esteem, children are more focused than children, who do not have experience in using a computer. On the other hand, unlimited access to huge amounts of information sometimes leads to excessive use of the computer, mainly the Internet addiction or dependence on computer games. And this causes both psychological and physical harm. People too keen on computer games are more irritable, quick-tempered in ordinary communication. Some develop a dependence on games, and if it is impossible to satisfy their need in the ordinary world, the mood deteriorates, there are states of increased anxiety and depression. Internet addiction occurs in people, who communicate excessively in social networks, and as a rule there is those, who in everyday life a little sociable, could not realise themselves. The high brightness of the screen and flickering, when a person moves the cursor, creating glare makes the eyes the most tense. The lens of the eye is long in stress, eyesight drops, there is a dry eye. All this leads to cataracts in the future. Long work at the computer, eye strain, a frequent flickering of different pictures leads to fatigue, headache and sleep disorders. During the 'sitting' on the Internet, the brain is saturated with a lot of unnecessary information, which makes a person quickly get tired and reduce productivity. A large amount of time spent on the computer leads to disorders of the nervous system, which is characterised by insomnia, apathy, and severely reduced immunity. And now, unfortunately, many people sit at computers and meet with friends only in virtual reality. Sitting for very long at a computer, people are losing their health, and take by themselves a live chat. Most of all this applies to children, who because of age, do not understand how many pleasant moments and emotions they lose sitting at the computer. It would be better if they go, play with friends outside, spending time actively and useful. Now there is such a problem as the degradation of the population, and I think this is the fault of computers, because even though they simplify our lives, but doing everything for us, people eventually got used to do nothing themselves and therefore become stupid. A person needs to see the line between reality and the virtual world, do not forget about the great moments of real life and then the computer will be really very useful, and then the harm from it will be minimal. I would like to consider the impact of the computer on the world also in the following aspects: environment and politics (from my point of view these are two fundamental aspects). However, the Internet has introduced a new term — 'computer security'into the vocabulary of specialists. The issue of data protection in global computer networks requires special and careful study, especially when it comes to the introduction of the Internet in public authorities.
This issue also has a political component, as it is directly related to the national security: information is the most valuable resource of the state. Internet gives modern politicians the following opportunities in comparison with conventional media and communication: access to global databases and information resources, including in real time; communication and free communication with colleagues, like-minded people, the creation of public organisations that do not require any registration and permits, uncontrolled in the network, unobtrusive propaganda of views; preparation of the election campaign on the Internet in terms of presenting candidates and communicating with them (direct and feedback from voters); questions and answers of computer respondents, which allows to form an idea about the electorate, its mood, to monitor public opinion; implementation of other provisions of technologies for preparation and conduct of election campaigns; freedom of information dissemination on the Internet: communication in computer networks is the least subject to legal regulation, censorship and other types of filtering; placement of computer information in combination with the advantages of all other media — entertainment TV, ease of perception of the message inherent in reading Newspapers, the ability to communicate on-line, as on the radio or phone. Thus, the presence of a developed information infrastructure that integrates all levels of government and management, the use of effective means of collection, systematisation, classification, transmission and storage of large amounts of information, modern technologies for obtaining and processing data, their analysis and modelling is a condition and indicator of the effectiveness of political and administrative management. Thus, information and communication in the management of the state, political technology — is not only an actual theoretical problem.
Technology is not omnipotent, but it is competent, qualified their use allows you to change the world, to influence the political process, to fight the political actors for the realisation of their interests and achieve their goals. The most important reason that the management of the company should take into account when deciding on the disposal of computer equipment that is out of order or outdated is the care of the environment. Future generations should be able to live on a clean planet, not to exist in a landfill. It is for this reason that almost every country in the world regulates the rules and procedure for the disposal of various types of waste. And it is the utilisation of computer and various office equipment that is the primary task of enterprises. The amount of unprocessed hazardous waste is reduced when the equipment is handed over for recycling. In addition, plastic, various ferrous and precious metals can be used in secondary production. For example, in the United States for the implementation of programs for the disposal of hazardous waste known company Dell provides grants to cities for the organisation of special points for the reception of computers and components for recycling. First, the company fully paid for the disposal of equipment, and then began to take a minimum fee. Ecology should be the main priority for the development of each world state. The adoption of laws that contribute to the protection of the environment helps to reduce the amount of hazardous electronic waste thrown into garbage containers. However, these laws should be followed not only by large and small enterprises, but also by individuals. With proper regulation of the disposal of equipment, the responsibility of each person will increase, because it will be not only about protecting the ecology of the region, but also about paying fairly high fines.
