Application Of Automatic Crowd Management To Solve The Problems Of Congestion And Suffocation

Abstract

Within tremendous changes, high aspirations and Saudi Vision 2030, international conferences, exhibitions and events have increased which require more efforts to keep security and safety. This proposal will contribute solving problems of congestion and suffocation using crowd management system. Crowd management system is one of the most important methods for people safety from congestion. This proposal will achieve safety, organizing as well as counting persons. To implement this proposal, we use a sensor works Infrared that counts persons till they reach the capacity of the place. Then doors will close electronically. The proposal aims to prevent congestion and make entering places easy. Hopefully, it will contribute to improve the level of safety.

Introduction

In view of the enormous developments in the world, and the consequent number of conferences, festivals and international exhibition, the number of visitors has been steadily increasing which causes problems of suffocation and congestion. It becomes necessary to find means and programs to manage crowds in a safety and easy way. This is a difficult mission that requires a lot of money and efforts. All these studies take into consider the safety of people from accidents. This project is to prevent or at least minimize congestion problems and improve safety. In this project we use a sensor works Infrared because it is effective and detects the presence person, in which we store the room capacity. It calculates persons passing through the door.

When it reaches the number of place capacity, the sensor gives an alarm to close the door electronically. It also gives a gradual alert to the number of people who have entered and the remaining persons. So, the possibility of accidents at doors is nearly zero. We hope this project will be a fundamental factor for safety improvement in crowd management. The contents of the proposal. The Section Background, we will discuss about researches and studies that focus on handling crowd management in different ways. The Section Aims and Objectives, the objectives we will achieve during the project. The Section Methodology, the procedures or the technology to use in order to solve the problem. The Section Project Requirement, requirements for software, hardware and technical skills. The Section Project Timeline, estimated time for each phase of the project. The Section Team Qualifications, skills and experience for team. The Last Section Conclusion, the summary for project.

Background

There are a lot of researches and studies that focus on handling crowd management in different ways. Some studies use Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) technology [1,2,4]. Others use wireless to reduce crowd management problems [1,4] or use Internet of things (IOT) to solve congestion problem at low cost based on Internet of things [3]. All these studies take into consider the safety of people from accidents. Among those who used Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) [4], they are used WSN to monitor and managing the crowd in Arafat area because it is a very large geographic region and required large number of devices/equipment consequently great efforts and high cost. These research works to protect the crowds during the event and there may be congestions and suffocation but, in our research, we will prevent any Crowding. In our project we will use a few devices in small area just in a gate therefore wire sensor network is appropriate and low-cost. In the last paper they used a set of algorithms to count the flow of crowds through video analysis [5]. This method may not be effective and fast in some cases such as night or when the person is not in the video frame and then it must be deploy a large number of cameras to follow the crowd and count them and this will raise the cost and effort while we propose in our project put the device in one place to count the crowds. We used a human sensor to be more accurate.

Aims and Objectives

Crowds are a huge number of people in one place at the same time. It is so difficult to manage these crowds and organize them to ensure their safety. Therefore, Crowds management system is essential for the safety of people. In this semester, we will be searched about the previous researches and studies for knowledge acquisition for project. In next semester, just implementation and testing for project. The project aims to control large numbers of people and prevent congestion and suffocation before it occurs, or at least reduce it. It organizes crowds and makes entering for huge numbers of persons easier. It provides statistics for the number of people who have visited the place. It also provides a gradual alert to the number of persons who have entered and the remaining numbers. E. g. 70% entered, 30% available. We hope this project increases safety and reduces disasters.

Methodology

We will be use on the gate (AK9753) sensor; because it senses just person and direction and we can get it from online store. The sensor module consists of Nondispersive Infrared (NDIR) and compact Infrared-Ray (IR) sensor. Outputs are read from 200 (no person) -1500 and vary depending on the temperature and surrounding environment and whether there is a person or not [6]. Arduino UNO for controlled the sensor it is hardware prototype, open source platform it can read input and return them on result and can be programmed by Arduino language [7]. UNO read input from AK9753 then it is decreases number of a place capacity then close the gate, the place capacity is entered number when programmed. The exit gate it's like entry gate in work but it is increase number of a place capacity to allow another person to enter.

Conclusion

Crowd management is considered to be an important field for researchers to ensure the safety of people during gatherings. We proposed a crowd management system in places as conference, events and exhibitions in order to increase and improve safety. In this proposal, we use a sensor works Infrared because it is effective and detects the presence person, in which we store the room capacity. It calculates persons passing through the door. When it reaches the number of place capacity, the sensor gives an alarm to close the door electronically. It also gives a gradual alert to the number of people who have entered and the remaining persons. This proposal will achieve prevent congestion and provides statistics of the number of visitors to such a place.