Cell Division The Onion Root Tips (Mitosis)
Introduction
The life cycle can be referred to as a cell cycle. In other words, the cell cycle includes the developmental stages of a cell which starts with its 'birth,' i. e. , the division of a mother cell and ends with its cell division, the creation of two daughter cells.
To start a cell division, a cell has to do a number of important things: first, it has to grow, then copy and paste its DNA into two daughter cells. Cells take off these tasks in a series of organized and formulaic steps that make up the cell cycle. The cell cycle is a cycle, not a linear path, as two daughter cells can start the same process from the start at the end of each sweeping phase.
The cell cycle stages are divided into two main stages in eukaryotic cells or nuclei cells: interphase (I) and mitosis (M) stages.
The cell develops and replicates a duplicate of its DNA during the interphase process.
The cell divides its DNA into two sets during the mitotic and mitotic process, while the cytoplasm also separates, forming two new cells.
Profase: The longest period of mitotic division in the cytoplasm and nucleus is associated with significant evolution. The nucleus is nearly central (located in the middle of the cell) at the beginning of the profase and its walls are visible. Two diplosomes are observed in the cytoplasm, each consisting of two centrioles that are almost perpendicular to one another. The two diplosomes are diverging, forming a mitotic spindle. The chromosomes often condense slowly within the nucleus, and when this concentration becomes high, the nucleus nucleation disappears. The nucleus coverslip is cleaved from the center of the profase, and only tiny fragments of it can be found in the cytoplasm at the end of the profase. The sap is combined with cytosol as well. The transcription of RNAs gradually decreases in prophase due to the high concentration of chromatin; the ribosomal RNAs do not transcribe and this causes the nuclei to dissolve and then disappear. Shattering the nuclear coating allows the microbes of the spindle to occupy the space previously occupied by the nucleus sap and thus start a new phase called pre-metaphase. Accompanied by the first oscillatory and then lateral displacement of the chromosomes, this transient process allows the chromosomes to be placed in the middle cell surface.
Materials and Methods:
Materials:
- Onions root tips
- Pasteur pipette
- 50% Acetic acid
- Beaker
- Distilled Water
- 2% Aceto Orcein dye
- Incubator
- Razor
- Tweezers
- Light Microscope
Methods:
First of all ,2 Oninos roots was cuted by razor in the amount of 1 cm and were in Special plastic test container. Special plastic test container was fulled of Acetic acid then located on Incobator devise for 12 minut until the cromatin network.
Acetic acid was emptied by pasteur pipette and Onion roots were washed 3 times with distilled water that was in the beaker.
Onion roots by tweezers were arranged on the microscope slides and Two drops of aceto orcein were poured on the microscope glass with pipette that the stages of mitosis of the onion root become visible. Aceto orcein remained on the roots for two minutes and Then another microscope glass was placed on the roots of the onion and Excess aceto orcein was cleared, It was then placed under a microscope and The stages of mitosis division were seen.
Finally, two stages of mitosis were observed in the onion root , The first is interphase and the second is prophase.
Discussion and result
Discussion
The stages of mitosis division are as follows:
Metaphase
Two diplosomes are at the opposite poles of the cell at this point. There are polar or continuous spindle filaments around each of the spindle filaments. The cover of the fading nucleus and the two chromatid chromosomes lie in the middle of the spindle along the transverse plane known as the line of metaphase or the plane of equation. The chromosomes are arranged at the same distance from the two spindle poles in a more or less regular loop. There is a common location at this point in two chromosomes of each chromosome. Separating and partly separating these chromatids. Their two ends point toward the spindle poles more or less.
Anaphase
It is a short step that separates the genetic material (two chromatids) from the centromeric region and divides the so-called centromer into two sections. An anaphase chromosome is formed by each half of each centromere together with a chromatide and its associated malignancy. The two single chromatid chromosomes move to the two poles so that the groove and the associated centralomeric region enter the poles earlier than the arms of the chromosome. The chromosomes of anaphase have a curved shape similar to that of number 7 and resemble 8 in the opposite half of the cell. The complexes of male chromosomes are equivalent to 2n the number of native cell chromosomes at the end of the anaphase on each nucleus axis. The difference is that individual chromosomes are single chromatids.
Telophase
The density of the chromosomes assembled at each pole is slowly decreasing at this level, and the lamina core assembly around the chromosome mass is beginning to reorganize and nuclei are being replaced, nuclei are also being created.
Split cytoplasm
The set of phenomena mentioned is karyokine or nuclear division, which is often followed by cytoplasmic division. Cell division in animal cells starts with the late anaphase forming a circular compact, perpendicular to the mitotic spindle's longitudinal axis. At the beginning of this circular compaction, the compact ribosomes, the cytoplasmic cavities, the fragments of the endoplasmic reticulum are formed in the middle part of the complex called the middle body, and the middle cyclic compaction progresses towards the center and towards the middle body. The cytoplasm is also split into two new cells. Type in anything that you want. Then click Quill It on the right to paraphrase your input.
Conclusion
Mitosis, with light microscopes in living cells, is one of the most fascinating and visible phenomena. Euthanasia is an ongoing phenomenon, but it is studied in several phases due to its ease of study. An essential feature of living cells is the ability to reproduce. Whereas an adult's body consists of about 1,014 cells, all of which consist of divisions of a single egg cell, the importance and importance of its cell proliferation. Even in a growing adult human, cell proliferation requiring cell division is needed to repair the cells that have been destroyed. For example, the lifetime of red blood cells is 120 days, and new red blood cells must replace them.
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- http://davar94. rozblog. com/post/90
- https://virtualdr. ir/76338-چرخه-سلولی-مراحل-مدت-زمان-و-تغییرات/
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