Development Of Paulty Industry On Condition Of Environmental Changes
High environmental temperatures and ammonia productions are an increasing issue of global concern in poultry industry as it impairs poultry production and survivability. Proper nutritional strategy is needed to reduce heat stress induced oxidative stress and to increase meat production and quality in chickens. Heat stress is considered as one of the main important environmental stressors challenging for poultry production performance. The High environmental temperatures reduced growth performance and meat quality of chickens. Food quality and environmental conditions remain two major challenges facing broiler chicken’s production in Upper Egypt and hot climatic regions. Poultry manner is one of the major sources of air quality pollution, odor, and environmental concerns to humans with adversely affect productive performance, health and meat quality.
High ammonia concentrations result in poor growth performance and health in broilers, histological changes in the respiratory system, increased susceptibility to disease, and subsequent increased mortality rate, can also affect the health of workers and cause environmental pollutions. Moreover, an intensive chicken production, newly hatched chicks have little chances of contact with their mother and acquire microflora from environment, hence, normal microflora colonisation in the intestine is slow and chicks may get infected at this time (Dhama et al. 2011). However, a common nutritional strategy is to increase chicken production while reducing chicken mortality through antibiotics as growth promoters.
As this strategy has been under severe criticism in poultry nutrition (Anonymous 2009; Hoffman-Pennesi and Wu 2010) due to the bacterial cross and multiple resistance (Neu, 1992), much research has been conducted to explore the use of phytogenics, and prebiotic, probiotic and synbiotics as effective substitutes. Synbiotics feed additive is referring to a synergistic combination of prebiotics and probiotics that beneficially affect the host by improving the survival and implantation of live microbial dietary supplements in the gastrointestinal tract that may be beneficial to enhance poultry performance, meat quality and ammonia reduction. Concerning disease prevention, probiotics can competitively exclude gut pathogens, modulate gastrointestinal immune responses, and produce metabolites that inhibit or kill pathogenic bacteria (Park et al. 2016).
The impact of synbiotic on the intestinal microbiota is considered essential for the biological effects; however, the exact mode of action is still not fully studied. The main role of feed additives is not only to improve growth performance but also to decrease ammonia production, carcass fat and modulate microflora which are considered the main targets for animal and consumer health care. The output of this study may clear the validity of using synbiotic in hot environmental conditions and whether it will be helpful for using these synbiotic to ameliorate the effect of heat stress or not. For this reason the proposed studies were investigated the efficacy of synbiotic as a feed additive on the productive performance, ammonia production, microbial populations, meat quality, carcass criteria and serum biochemical parameters in broiler chickens under hot environmental temperature.
