Methods Of Controlling Invasive Plants Species
The presence of original plants species are necessary and associated with preservation of the ecosystem. However, native plants species can be threatened or even vanish by the appearance of invasive plants species that can alter the ecosystem. Furthermore, invasive plants species are arrive from the external ecosystem which can harm ecosystems, the environment, economic deprivation, and adversely affect of biodiversity and human sanity. For instance, the emergence species of Acacia nilotica in Baluran National Park, East Java as invasive plants. In fact, Qirom et al (2007) stated that almost 9. 850 ha from 10. 000 ha of this conservation area has been invaded by this plants. Consequently, they are pressure for pristine plants and animals that live on there. Indeed, the Impact of invasive species are not only in ecological, but also sosioeconomic and human health. Primarily, Kaufman & Kaufman (2012) declared that invasive plant species can be controlled by three ways: biological, chemical and mechanical methods.
First, biological control is involves genuine natural competitor. In addition, the benefit of these techniques are inexpensive, minor hazard and no peril to human fitness and the environment. In contrast, the negative sides of this ways are extremely spesific on biological agent for each target type and can not omit all invasive plant species. For example, Malacorhinus irregularis (Coleoptera), an insect is appropiate for biological control against Mimosa pigra. Nevertheless, the practice of purely biological control does not generate the expected results and takes long period. However, the merging of several methods such as biological, chemical and mechanical proved to be successfully applied to Mimosa pigra, in Australia.
Secondly, chemical control is utilize chemical material particularly herbiside that are either destroy target plants or permeated into the plants. Then, the advantage of this means are murder mentioned plants and deficient of work force. Nevertheless, the disadvantages are expensive, unsafe widely impact on the environment and must be carefully and properly in applying i. For instance, in Beltsville-USA, herbicide glyphosate is fit used to hold the reins of Circium arvense as invasive plant. On the other hand, taking mixture of management, both chemical and non chemical will decrease the danger of herbicide.
Finally, mechanical control is applied with choping or excavating using some tools or machines and burning. Next, the profits of this method are cheap and diminishing seed yield. On the contrary, the risks of this way are need many manpower, land disruption, some invasive plant s are well adjusted to flame. Additionally, to restrain Acacia nilotica in Baluran National Park, East Java by using a tyrfor tool is more proper than manual removal. However, this way has an impact on ground level shift of 1% / m2 / tree. On the other hand, Mooney et al (2005) claimed that blending of mechanical and chemical methods are the top practice.
In conclusion, the most effective method of managing the invasive species is through the application of entire three ways in the integrated system. Thus, the advantages and disadvantages of each approach can be complementary to obtain the optimal result.
