Providing Bandwidth Facilities In Rural Areas
Introduction
Wireless communication has grew in the past decades. It is now a crucial part of the modern life in most part of the world. People in urban areas enjoy the nearness and efficiency provided by wireless communication in almost every day. However, it is still a challenge to provide wireless communication service in the most area of the globe, including rural, remote, and areas with irregular territories. The existing wireless technologies are limited in communication range, territory strength, or cost efficiency to provide omnipresent wireless connections to users in those areas.
The satellite communication can provide service at almost everywhere, but with very limited data rate and very high price. The cellular technology is the most used in rural areas nowadays. Although there are new generations of cellular technologies, the provided network service quality is still poor. It is also cost prohibitive to build cellular towers to cover the entire rural area. Therefore, it is necessary to develop or utilize some innovate technologies to solve the communication problems in rural areas. In our research, we focus on the WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access, a. k. a. , IEEE 802. 16. We will use relay techniques to allow multi-hop communication in WiMAX, and therefore solve the communication problems in rural areas. The emerging WiMAX technology can offer low-cost, high-speed and long-range communications for applications ranging from broadband Internet access to military and emergency communications. The WiMAX standard provides a highly flexible approach for wireless networking that can be implemented over a wide range of frequencies and different physical layer technologies (including smart antennas).
Background
The demographic statistics shows a relative decline of the welfare of rural and remote areas compared to urban areas. It is projected that almost half of the global population is in the rural areas, according to the statistics of 2014 and in 2005, the majority of global population shifted from rural to urban area. Looking into the regions, in Africa, were Internet penetration is as low as 19. 0%, this shift is ongoing, and by 2040, rural population is forecasted to surpass the urban population. Also in Asia, were Internet penetration is second lowest as 32. 4%, this shift would be in the future in 2016, while its rural population has already peaked out in 2000. As these figures indicate, rural and remote areas remain largely unconnected to the Internet as they face challenges of attracting investment, and cheap Broadband access to the rural people should be one of key elements which prevent such strong demographic movement.
Problem statement
Bangladesh is a developed country, also called digital Bangladesh. But its digitalization is not spread all over the country. About 5% of Bangladesh's population of 165 million citizens have access to broadband internet. Broadband penetration in developing countries is by far worst in the rural and remote areas. Connectivity for individual villagers and households is attained by 2G/2. 5G mobile servicPage | 3es for basic voice and short messages, etc. Countries urban peoples are comfortably using internet as well as they got broadband facilities at their home which is very fast and low cost. On the other hand rural people are not got this facilities. They are using internet only their sim operators. But it is not first as well as very high cost rather than broadband. Countries some rural areas are digitalize day by day. They are using computer and modem to get internet facilities. But they are not satisfied for this speed and cost. Another problems of unavailable broadband in rural areas is maintenance cost. Because in urban areas like Dhaka, there are available opportunity to maintenance and people are already concern about this services. Work at the garment factories and outsourcing firms have also been disrupted due to the slow connection. Generally urban areas are lots of factory, banks, various organizations, universities. as a result they are using internet for their daily purposes. But in recent various factory, companies are establish their branches. But they are not properly communicate their out or inside customer because of unavailability of internet. as a result they are not good relation to their clients and incurred a loss. Sometimes Internet users in Bangladesh are experiencing slow speed for a technical problem in submarine cable. Local reports suggest that firms are experiencing very slow connections causing problems for internet-based phone calls and email. The following specific rural and remote areas in Bangladesh are underserved and left behind from modern broadband telecommunication/ICT services. Landlocked areas Landlocked developing areas are enclosed or nearly enclosed by the land and suffer from lack of territorial access to the river, remoteness and isolation from the market. The high transit costs impose serious constraints on the socio economic development. These tough environments have significant impact on building of telecommunications infrastructure providing broadband telecommunication/ICT services to page 38 those areas.
Mountainous villages
There are mountainous villages where villagers are dwelling lightly on the slopes of mountains, ridges and hills in cluster scattered over from one valley to another. Building telecommunications infrastructure and its maintenance in these areas impose high costs and revenue on investment tends to be limited making service provision less lucrative for the telecommunication/ICTs service providers. Isolated villages in vast countries with desert, forest, etc. where no social infrastructure There are isolated villages scattered over the desert and forest in the vast countries of ITU regions of the world. These villages are geographically separated by far distance in remote areas and difficult to access terrestrially. There may not be access road to these villages nor terrestrial access network infrastructure to be constructed except via satellite link. To provide connectivity cost effectively to these areas is the challenge by choosing appropriate technologies but the needs for the Telecommunications/ICTs are high for the quality of their lives of the dwellers.
Literature review
Didarul Alam, A good research and broadband comparison among the companies will do the work for you. Sometimes even recommendations play a good role in the selection of the right broadband provider because people who are using the broadband service have a good experience about the service. Marc Aarons, Nevertheless, it's a question that pops up a lot. Mobile broadband is becoming increasing popular for a number of reasons. Perhaps the biggest reason is cost and convenience. For not much more than the cost of Cable or DSL, just about anyone could have a broadband card that sticks into their laptop. Andrew J Peterson, The broadband is one of the necessities of life. This can be said that without broadband one cannot ensure smooth and fast internet connection and without internet one remains aloof and cannot survive in this competitive world. Home broadband is a convenient method to relish this service within the luxury of one's home. Erick John, Internet technology makes it easy for us to communicate with anyone, living in any part of the world.
With the advancement of science and technology, more improved and developed systems are invented. Through broadband internet service we can communicate with anyone within a short period of time. Erick John, Broadband is essential not only for work but for education and fun as well. Each detailed information is available at a single click. The invention of broadband services has really made the life of a human more comfortable and easy. Andrew J Peterson, The cheap wireless mobile broadband service has provided multi-facet benefits to the customers. Mobility and the terrific speed are the major point gainers which has immensely popularized mobile broadband service in UK. Fletcher Mak, among various types of Internet services the Broadband or the high-speed internet access is one of the most widely preferred internet connections. Internet is becoming indispensable for our lives day by day.
Methodology
Research methodology provides a detailed description of the research approach adopted in this study. The aim of our work is to spread the signal in a village from a landline node, by avoiding towers for reasons of cost minimization. Planning a WMN especially in rural regions is not just a technological or technical matter, because its success and sustainability depends on its integration in the daily life of the end users. This integration can be achieved only if the planned network finds a trade-off between what users need and what they could afford. This study used descriptive research and conducted to 50 respondent in a specific rural area. To conduct the study primary data are collected. Responses are collected in online by the goggle doc survey questionnaire. Descriptive research involves gathering data that describe events and then organize, tabulates depicts and describe the data collection. in that questionnaire there are 13 relevant questions. it often uses visual aids such as grapes and charts to aid in the reader in understanding the data distribution. Here is a survey questionnaire. In that questionnaire there are 13 relevant questions. This questions will help us to close our respondents and got their personal opinions. That will help us to know the correct condition of internet of this localities.
Analysis
This survey basically based on primary data. And this primary data collect from various sources. Here all primary data are together in build a questionnaire. This questionnaire are implement to some rural areas people for given their opinions. Here we show all respondents opinions together in statically and graphically representation. [image: ]In our survey maximum respondents are students (74%). other users are some govt. , employees (6%) and others are shopkeepers. This survey we find that rural people who are using internet maximum are able to it and professional users. Here 56% are regular users, and others uses internet once a day or one day after. People who are using internet everyday those use more than 4 hours a day. Those amount is 44%. and others are 1, 2 or less than 1 hours In our observation reports that,rural people who are using internet maximums are grameen phone users(46%)and others are robi,banglalink, and taletalk. In this survey maximum respondents are prefer to using internet in their phones(74%). and they uses internet anywhere. but some of them prefer to uses only at their homes(26%). This survey basically based on provide internet to this areas at a very lower cost and provide better networks. but at present those people who are using sim operators services they are not satisfied of their services(94%). Here maximum respondents have prior experience of using broadband. Around 60% peoples have experience. But others are detached from internet. Maximum respondents are want to use internet in their homes. (74%). and others are not. Because they are busy for outside home works. (26%). Finally, they responses that they are not satisfied of the sim operators services. And they are badly needs a broadband services in their locality. And here we got 100% responses of our respondents.
Recommendation
Bangladesh is a small country but its technological changes is day by day. But this changes are very slowing. If we can research deeply then view that our country is developing day by day but is it really true?. In Bangladesh’s most portion are rural area. it is true that technology is spreading in urban areas but not cross this areas. it is constraint this portion. But it is very sad for us. Because our main target is to build a digitalized Bangladesh. But that means not only digitalized in urban areas. so we need to same development in rural areas. so my personal opinion is to provide all technological facilities in rural areas. as a result rural people are shows their talent and update their life in this modern generation. Because they are not so much updated in this generation. so govt should take proper initiative to take a major decision to take action. Private organization must come to encourage them. And one things must important is people from rural areas must be aware of and come to take this facilities eagerly.
In rural and remote areas this could be better if our government would provide the investment needed for the fiber optic networks required for backbone connectivity throughout rural and remote centers. If rural and remote areas people got proper technological facilities through internet then they are facilitate by: E-health care: E-health care is also most demanded application by the developing countries. Medical doctors are shared by the health posts in the rural communities. It will contribute to the improvement of mortality in the developing countries. It is useful to provide information about the contagious disease to rural communities and to let them know how to protect their health in the rural areas. Tele consultation by the doctor in the urban hospital over the internet is also useful application for the rural areas of developing countries. E-education: Every developing country is stressing the importance on children’s education for most important policy to build the good nation in future. They have the schools in most of the rural villages which have the population of 400-800 even in mountainous areas and remote isolated islands. The common problems are teaching staff and teaching materials. Tele–teaching method by the quality teacher from the urban city schools and the digitized teaching materials are shared by the rural schools and by the school children by the inexpensive tablet terminals or 100-200 USD computers over the internet or intranet.
E-Administration: The administrative office of the rural community is required to be connected by telecommunications and internet for the administrative services for the rural communities of the region or dissemination of administrative information from the central government for the social welfare of the rural population. Emergency information may also be disseminated as quickly as possible by the internet.
Conclusion
The provision of adequate infrastructure for rural and regional Bangladesh is clearly an important factor in maintaining competitiveness of our rural and remote economy. All rural and remote communities need universal access to broadband to ensure economic prosperity, social inclusiveness, and general networking between communities. The challenge of providing high-speed access to rural and remote areas is one that needs to be tackled both now. Today’s broadband is far better for urban communities compared to the 10 million Bangladeshi living in rural and remote regions who often have poor and unreliable internet connection. If government did not take further action regarding high-speed broadband then rural and remote communities will be left further behind in the digitalization of the economy. The rural and remote areas of the WDR suffer from variable and limited telecommunication infrastructure coverage which means that mobile phones often have no reception outside towns. Mobile coverage is poor and internet services are only available in the main settlement areas.
There is no opportunity to access or severely limited access to Broadband internet in a number of locations. This area is seen as a priority given the community’s increasing expectations of being able to access the latest wireless telecommunication technology for the last mile connectivity. Our study reveals that the number of households using wireless broadband (60%) overall is much higher than the number of households using fixed wired broadband in WDR (50%). This also suggest that wireless technologies are well established to meet the increased demand from rural and remote households to access internet services for different purposes. Results also suggest that a number of households using wireless broadband are satisfied with the wireless broadband services available to them.
However there are significant numbers of households particular in remote areas which are not satisfied with their current wireless broadband internet connection. Moreover they would like to update their wireless broadband services to high speed wireless broadband services when it is available in their locality. The digital dividend spectrum 694-820 MHz can provide fixed wireless 4G broadband using LTE services in addition to improved long term broadband satellite services for hard to reach locations. It could be more economically feasible to roll out high speed wireless broadband if better use is made of a mix of technology solutions and existing private wireless and dark fiber optic networks where it is available. This would offer the most affordable wireless broadband internet services and reasonable data rates with an inherent advantage to quick deployment in these rural and remote regions of bangladesh.
