Research Of How Astronauts Can Overcome Bone Loss In Space

Abstract

Bone loss is one of the known risks of exposure to reduced gravity a risk that increases with the length of stay in that environment. Bone loss, which can increase the risk of fracture by weakening the skeleton, is an established medical risk in long-duration spaceflight. The goal of this study was to how astronauts can overcome bone loss in space. Bone loss in lumbar spine is resulted due to long-duration human spaceflight.

Introduction

Dunbar (2015) maintains that bone loss and kidney stones are the main problem for astronauts to overcome in space. Dunbar (2015) states that bone assumes a paramount part similarly as a structure that helps the body and saves calcium. It retains fracture resistance by remodeling through a balance of bone resorption and shaping. Furthermore, for a microgravity environment due to lessened stacking stimuli, there may be expanded bone resorption also no change done alternately or decreased bone formation, leading to bone mass loss during a rate of around ten times that for osteoporosis. In addition, the proximal femoral bone loses 1. 5 percent about its mass for every month, alternately harshly 10 percent over a six-month sit tight to space, with the recovery after returning to earth taking no less than three alternately four years. The calcium balance, which will be around zero looking into earth, decreases to around -250 mg/day throughout flight, a value that builds more danger for kidney stones and bone loss. Moreover, astronauts typically lose much bone mass in the proximal femur in 1 month.

Situation

Rainey (2016) states that throughout spaceflight, space travelers lose bone mineral density, yet it may be not clear precisely the thing that makes this bone loss happens. They reared little freshwater fish on board the International Space Station (ISS) for 56 days and they inspected those animals jawbones and teeth for any possibility impacts from microgravity. According to Kudo (as cited in Rainey, 2016) argues that expanded volume and movement of osteoclasts and also huge diminishment for bone mineral thickness in the fish on board the station utilizing electron microscopes, also abnormalities to osteoclast mitochondria Willey, Lloyd, Nelson and Bateman (2011) states that reduction about bone quality is because of a decrease to bone impostor or structural solidness might expand those dangers of a genuine fracture, threatening mission accomplishment. The resulting suppression of bone creation and general state of low bone-turnover is possibility with bone reduction also consequent fractures. Dunbar (2015) claims that bone assumes a paramount part concerning illustration a structure that helps the body and saves calcium. Bone loss may be additionally watched previously, laid up more seasoned people. Elderly people lose 1 or 2 percent of their bone impostor because of decrease in the amount about female hormone. Osteoporosis is proclaimed at an individual need a bone impostor 30 percent lower than the average of young adults and it is also possible that the body becomes weightlessness after only a few months, and that the changes in vision and bones level is reduced. Bone loss throughout periods for prolonged weightlessness has been recognized as a major problem in space.

Problem

Willey, et al. (2011) argues that the effects of microgravity and space radiation on astronaut bone health represent two of the most serious challenges present within the spaceflight environment. According to Mitchell and Logan, radiation induced causes changes and bone loss. Those elementary worry in regards to radiation induced loss of bone mineral content is those debilitating of the entirety bone structure, prompting fractures. With this bone loss can prevent from eating and sleeping.

Mann (2012) states that calcium starting with bones leaches out under the bloodstream, the place it makes expanded danger for kidney stones a possibly painful off chance to a space explorer to continue. Moreover, the individual’s calcium-deficient bones turned precise brittle and at risk to break, weakening space explorers ahead long missions. Furthermore, lack of gravity also has the effect of causing bone to, almost literally, dissolve away. A bone weakening transform encountered by astronauts flying in space might be from medications that prevent calcium loss. In addition, researchers found that after astronauts compass orbit, their bones begin getting to be brittle due to weightlessness.

Chow (2010) states that including EPA inhibited actuation from claiming elements that prompt bone breakdown. This repressed variable may be known as 'nuclear component kappa B' or NFKB. NFKB will be included done safe framework conduct and the aggravation process, might prompt bone and muscle loss. According to Goodship, Cunningham, Oganov, Darling, Miles and Owen (1998) argues that previously, in long term space flight, the mechanical powers connected of the skeleton would considerably decreased. This reduced skeletal stacking brings about a reduction in bone mass. Scientists emphasize the requirements for development of effective countermeasures to overcome bone loss.

Possible Solutions

First, Smith, Heer, Shackelford, Sibonga, Ploutz-Snyder and Zwart (2012) states that eating right and managing time for proper exercising hard in space can help protect International Space Station (ISS) astronauts bones. Mineral density of specific bones as well as the entire skeleton of astronauts used a new, stronger weight lifting machine to work out and prevent from bone loss. Exercising regularly reduces the risks of many health issues for instance certain cancers, high blood pressure and also heart disease. The nefarious effect on body and bone is that lifting to much weight can also lead to hernia in the muscles.

Secondly, Dunbar (2015) argues that key elements for preventing bone loss and promoting health of elderly people are nutrition, exercise and medicine. Meals should be nutritionally balanced with calcium rich foods and Vitamin D. Taking more than two pills in a day can lead to fainting and death.

Finally, Chow (2010) argues that members of group nutrients found in a fish oil known as omega-3 fatty acids which may help to reduce bone loss during space flight and in those who suffer from osteoporosis. It improves cardiovascular health, lower cholesterol and blood pressure levels. It can also assist in the management of autoimmune medical conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, which affects bones and joints. What is terrible about fish oil is consuming more than 3 pieces of omega-3 pills a day can puts the astronauts in danger of developing hemorrhagic stroke. Natural pollutants such as arsenic, lead and mercury in waterways could collect to fish. These metals might make challenging with dispose of through exactly modern techniques utilized within the assembling of fish oil supplements and ingesting them can cause cognitive impairment.

Best possible solution

According to Smith, et al. (2012) states that weights indeed in space are not same as in earth but resistance machines allow astronauts to get almost the same weight in earth to exercise. As the new Advanced Resistive Exercise Device (ARED) installed in 2008 it doubles the maximum simulated weight to as much as 600 pounds. Moreover, astronauts using the advanced system came home with more lean muscle and less fat, and kept more of their whole body and regional bone mineral density. Those same astronauts also expended addition calories and vitamin D around other supplements. These variables need known with backing bone health. In addition, resistance practice need been thought should make an enter system for securing astronauts bones, healthy bone continually breaks down. Furthermore, renews itself it is a methodology known as remodeling. Likewise, in length similarly as these techniques would for balance, bone mass and density remain the same.

Conclusion

In my opinion, astronauts' health obtained from space medicine is expected to be utilized to promote the health of elderly people and the education of children.