Residual Of Heavy Metal In Fish Muscles
Tilapia species represent the most important group of family Cichlidae that occupying the River Nile. Heavy metals in aquatic environment are right now a noteworthy concern worldwide and positioned as major contaminating chemicals in both developed and developing countries. The particular problem related with heavy metals in the environment is their accumulation through food chain and perseverance in nature.
Residual of heavy metal in fish muscles and its risk impacts on the health of individual are a matter of great concern to food hygienists. Heavy metals are brought into the environment by a wide range of sources including; natural, anthropogenic, urbanization, industrialization and agriculture practices have additionally irritated the circumstance. As heavy metals are hard to be degraded, they are deposited, absorbed or incorporated in water, sediment and aquatic animals. As an outcome, fish are regularly utilized as markers of heavy metals contamination in the aquatic ecosystem because they occupy high trophic levels and are vital sustenance source they can be bioaccumulated and biomagnified via the food chain and finally assimilated by human consumers resulting in health risks.
Trace metals, for example, Zn, Cu and Fe assume a biochemical role in the life processes of all aquatic creatures; therefore, they are essential in the aquatic environment in trace amounts. In the Egyptian water system, the primary source of Cu and Pb are industrial wastes and in addition algaecides (for Cu), while that of Cd is the phosphatic composts utilized in crop.
The wild fish has to depend totally on natural food production for its nutrition while farmed fish is offered with nutrient rich foods couple with the natural productivity in the pond. These differences have direct effects on body composition, health status as well as growth of fish. Protein content of fish muscles differs significantly and the variation could be due to age, feed ingestion, sex and sexual changes associated with spawning, the environment and season. Proximate composition has been accounted for to be a good pointer of physiology required for routine examination of fisheries. The electrophoresis of proteins is an effective procedure for creating systematic data from macromolecules. SDS-PAGE, sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, is a strategy broadly utilized in biochemistry, criminology, genetics and molecular biology to separate proteins according to their electrophoretic mobility.
Electrophoresis of sarcoplasmic proteins, serum proteins, liver proteins and a number of enzymes regularly has been utilized by some researchers as a guide in the species identification of fish. Soluble proteins of muscle sarcoplasm are among the most effortless to extract and highly a rich reservoir of species specific and biochemical genetic markers. The highly water-soluble sarcoplasmic proteins comprising of glycolytic enzymes, myoglobin and other proteins present in intracellular fluid of muscle were often used for specific identification. It is important to compare the genetic composition of hatchery strains with their wild populations and furthermore within strains from hatcheries as well as within wild strains.
