Stroke: Defenition, Types and Possible Prevention

Introduction

To start with, this is essay on stroke the main goal of which is to reveal this topic by analysing it. Stroke is one of the most major causes high rate of death and it considered one of five diseases that cause death in the world and specifically in USA and its high risk for men more than women in old age people.

Brain attacks finishes about 140,000 of people life in USA and one of every 20 patients can go out and the other 19 patients were dead. About 795,000 of people were diagnosed as having brain attacks which it in different types between the people 610,000 is considered that patient having their first attacks and the other number of these patients having a recurrent one.

Stroke is divided into two major types which is called ischemic attacks which it is about 85-87% and the other type which is our object about is haemorrhagic stroke and its about 13-15% of the main percentage, so these type of stroke have two different types one is about 67% and its called intracerebral haemorrhagic stroke and the other type 33%and its called subarachnoid haemorrhage, so in such as type it more sever and dangerous about 30-60% who have diagnosed as intracerebral haemorrhage can't stay alive and they do not have enough time to reach to an hospital or emergency care centre and the other 25% of patient can survive, the other type is subarachnoid is more dangerous than the first and one of each five patient can stay alive with an surgical operation.

Research Body

Definitions

• Stroke: it considered as brain attacks that happens when blood supply to the brain is stop and at the main while the oxygen is drained and leaves the brain cells which starts to die.
• Haemorrhagic stroke: it happens when the blood supply to the brain by arteries starts to bleeding due to the damaged blood vessels on this artery and it falls into the surrounding brain spaces. 

Types of haemorrhagic stroke

There are two types of haemorrhagic brain attacks, intracerebral brain haemorrhage which happen inside brain cells and subarachnoid brain haemorrhage which happen between the brain spaces. 

Intracerebral haemorrhage: it’s a kind of haemorrhagic stroke happens from rupture of weak blood vessels inside the brain tissue. One of the most popular causes of intracerebral haemorrhage is a high level of blood pressure which is increase more than 220mmhg in old age people and the most cause in younger people is the abnormal shape of blood vessels inside the brain and we have other causes may include, patient having brain accident, smoking, dilatation in brain arterial walls, alcohol abuse and pain killer drugs abuse, patients with chronic diseases and patients with already blood problems and these patient manifested by: change in consciousness level about 50%, patient vomiting and having nausea about 40%, sever headache pain 40%, mental disorders like seizures around 6-7%, unable to speak normally.

Subarachnoid haemorrhage: it's ruptured blood vessels happens when the weakness effected vessels starts to bleed in the surrounding tissue and form up together at brain surface and the risk factor and causes is drug abuse, subarachnoid arteries dilatation, smoking abuse, hypertension, major head accidents, previous family cases. It's manifested by acute head pain at the back end of the skull, numbness all over your body, pain in the neck, unable to focus, takeovers, unable to speak an understanding words, retarded, intolerance to light and having double view and at the and the early sign is vomiting and nausea.

Patient assessment in emergency department 

In intracranial haemorrhage we can find a strong starting of neural deterioration, cardiac and pulmonary problems, so medical and nursing stuff should doing an immediate assessment and diagnosis and treat the patient quickly as possible, so the story of previous illness should be taken fast specially if it a recurrent case and it's critical to note if there is any history of accident, trauma in the head, high level of blood pressure, alcohol abuse, any medication that patient take it such pain killers, narcotics, heparin, clexan, aspirin and any treatment that affecting on blood viscosity or any bleeding disorder.

In physical inspection the major priority is to measure vital signs and report to the doctor immediate and decide if patient need to be catheterized or not or intubation or not, mental status also assessed see if patient is able to speak or not and able to focus and understanding you or not and if patient conscious or semi or in coma then apply Glasgow coma scale and all of that should be assessed in ten minutes after patient arrival to the hospital or any emergency nursing centre also screen image should be taken even CT or MRI on the brain to detect the place of bleeding and the type and laboratory investigation like CBC PTT INR bleeding time liver and kidney function should be taken to detect if patient bleeding will stop or patient needs a surgery.

Conclusion 

Stroke have a sever complications which includes chest infection or pneumonia and inflammation of the urinary tract, internal bleeding due to stomach ulcer, formation of thrombosis in deep veins and brain death and finally die. An inactive lifestyle, being overweight or being obese increases the chances of certain factors that can contribute to stroke such high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol level and diabetes. Choosing a range of activities or exercises that you enjoy can help you stay active and fit other suggestion include starting your new exercise program where you can slowly increase the intensity as you get fitter, getting a gym partner or taking part in an aerobics class and trying exercise for at least 30 minutes a day for five days of the week.