Exploring Overweight And Obesity In Pre-School Children
Childhood obesity has been increasing over the years. In order to get an idea of how much obesity and overweight are affecting our children data must be collected. We must remember obesity is not only a major health issue in the United States but as well as in other countries. Perry, Thurston and Arch decided to research weight between children between the ages of 0 to 40 months in Halton, Northwest England. They wanted to see if there were any significant changes in weight from newborn to infancy, infancy to pre-school age. Once an infant begins their transition from bottle feeding to table foods there could be a huge increase in weight. Once being weaned infants eating patterns tend to change, they tend to eat more and possibly eat more of unhealthy foods. Especially, since before being weaned they do not have many choices in foods they are able to consume because of their development.
Obesity is prevalent amongst young people. In this article Lake and Townshend go in depth about physical activity in young people of a specific age group and sex. They go into detail about the possible behaviors of young people which could possibly be contributing factors of their obesity. By understanding young people's lifestyle behaviors and especially along the lines of activity, it can be vital information used as a stepping stone to initiate interventions that promote more activity in the particular age group. There has also been evidence that implies one’s environment can also be a determining factor of how much activity the youth are receiving. Therefore, the authors chose to observe the barriers and enablers for physical activities in certain environments. Once obesity is developed it can be hard to treat especially with young people and there may be a risk of obesity as an adult if there was obesity as a young person.
There have been strong links between abdominal obesity and metabolic risk factors like insulin resistance, lipid disturbances and high blood pressure. Metabolic syndrome has increase in many societies which is linked to the rising prevalence of overweight and obesity. Since obesity has become a major issue treatment of obesity and abdominal obesity should be a task primary care takes on to assist with prevention. Cognitive behavior approaches have been attempted as weight management alternatives, a few implemented by primary care. There was a method started that could be easily learned by nurse and other staff at primary care centers. Cognitive Behavior Therapy Targeting Eating Behavior was implemented in primary care after staff was given training. The effects of this trial were demonstrated in controlled trials with a set follow up after therapy. The therapy was accepted by patients and staff. The therapies effectiveness was satisfying and had seemed assisted in weight reduction and abdominal obesity in patients attending primary care centers.
To eat one needs income and for one to eat healthy they a significant amount of income. Income has played a major role in obesity risk over the last century. Since the mid-20th century, the United States of America and Europe could attach wealth directly to obesity — the more affluent a person, the more likely they are to be overweight. However, over the past few years perhaps owing to the abundance of cheap and highly available food, linked with changing sociocultural norms causes that attachment to change. Today, wealth in the USA can be inversely associated with obesity, and it is persons who are at or below the level of poverty that appear to have the highest rates of obesity.
As wealth rises in low- and middle-income countries, it is expected for poverty-obesity patterns to begin more closely copying those of high-income countries. Evidence of this transition is already being assembled.
Research of children in the City of Warsaw, Poland created specific space of life especially for those who live there. There has been an occurrence of demographic changes in Poland that are being cause by a constant progress of an aging population. There was an attempt to determine health factors. There should be major focus on the development of children, their health/life as well as the education for their essential cares. Families tend to create autonomic environment. This can be open to social, global and cultural transformations as it pertains to health, physical activity and diet. In big city family's emotional bonds tends to be a determining factor. A child's interactions with family acquire knowledge of the world, values, needs that must be met and interests. Parental activities provide proper development of children, their lives and health to include: care for an appropriate amount sleep of a child, eating habits and outdoor activities.
Public health officials have taken actions to try and reduce obesity. Mostly focusing on individuals, encouraging them to eat healthier foods and to become more physically active. However, so far these approaches are failing seeing as though not a single country has successfully reduced their obesity rates in the past 30 years. The article approached obesity as a manifestation of positive energy balance that has been nourished over a length of time. During the past half-century mechanization has impacted some modes of living in multiple ways. Unfortunately resulting in energy expenditures needed for daily living to decline. Since those devices have developed and are constantly used in all affluent societies, their contribution to population energy balance in high-income countries has become significant. Studies show that voluntary exercise can be the most important discretionary component of absolute total daily energy expenditure therefore, having the ability to affect energy balance. With an increase in physical activity can create an energy deficit through energy expenditure. And for that reason, physical activity and exercise could be part of the solution for the obesity epidemic.
Understanding the causes of childhood obesity is a complex multidisciplinary issue. However, economic research could provide important insights into market factors that could have contributed to the influx of the epidemic. The article introduces three possible ways the market environment could have led children and adolescents to increase their energy intake over the past 40 years. Evolution of Food prices, Reduction in the “time-cost” of consuming calories, Advertising aimed at children are the three possible reasoning. The price of fruit and vegetables in the United State increased by approximately 25% between 1975 and 2015.These changes in food prices have probably had two main problems on people’s diets. Junk food became much cheaper than other commodities, people increased their intake and hence their energy intake. Second, since fruits and vegies became more expensive than other foods, people tend to trade healthier foods for less healthier food and for foods with higher calories. Which, in turn increase calorie intake causing people to gain weight.
Obesity has brought serious concern since it has been associated with poor mental health outcomes, reduced quality of life, and one of the leading causes of death in the U.S. and worldwide. There is no real solution to the obesity epidemic that we are facing. It’s a complex problem which requires a multifaceted approach. Policy makers, state and local organizations, business and community leaders, school, childcare and healthcare professionals, and individuals must work together to create an environment that supports a healthy lifestyle. There are multiple ways these organizations can create a supportive environment to promote healthy life styles as well as behaviors that could possible prevent obesity. Healthy diet pattern along with regular physical activity could present long term health benefits and prevention of chronic diseases like Diabetes, heart disease and cancer. What individuals and families may eat can tend to be based on the environment and communities they are in. The key to achieving and maintaining a healthy weight isn't short-term dietary changes; it's about a lifestyle that includes healthy eating and regular physical activity.
Though genetics could be used as an important consideration of one’s health, during the past half-century our genes have not measurably changed, and yet we are significantly more overweight, obese, and prone to lifestyle-related diseases. Obesity is one of the major onsets of other detrimental health issues such as: hypertension, diabetes, cancer, mental health issues, etc. Currently, in the U.S. alone two-thirds of the population is considered obese. Eisenburg and Burgess concluded the current circumstance with the continuous elevating rates of obesity throughout the world. They have examined the absence of nutrition, trends when it comes to cultures or trends of modernized food in health care settings and the abuse of funds to promote health. They present ideas to regenerate nutrition education, with the inclusion of teaching kitchens as a nutrition lab requirement, lifestyle guide, the introduction of technology that is wearable to track data in correlation to life choice and behaviors.
In the United States the cost of obesity is relatively high. In 2008 the costs were estimated at $147 Billion dollars. Data shows implications of obesity on recruitment by the armed forces. Those men and women who met the age qualifications for the armed forces weight to body fat exceeded the branches requirement which, was surveyed by the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The annual nationwide productive costs of obesity and obesity related absenteeism ranged between $3.38 billion and $6.38 billion. That would be roughly $79 per obese person and $132 per obese person. People who have been diagnosed with obesity, compared to those with a normal or healthy weight, are at increased risk for many serious diseases and health conditions, including the following: mortality, Hypertension, Dyslipidemia, Type 2 diabetes, Coronary heart disease, Stroke, Gallbladder disease, Osteoarthritis, Sleep apnea and breathing problems, some cancers, low quality of life, mental illness such as clinical depression, anxiety, and other mental disorders and body pain with difficulty of physical functions. Energy balance by calorie intake from foods and beverages with the number of calories the body uses for activity is a determining factor in preventing excess weight gain.
