Factors That May Impact Type 2 Diabetes And Obesity
In this article, the author looks at factors like social, genetic, and environmental factors that may impact type 2 diabetes and obesity. When looking at what might cause 10% of the population to have type 2 diabetes and 40% of the population that is overweight the first thing to know is that type 2 diabetes is when the body does not process insulin from the pancreas correctly. Because of the reduction of insulin, there is more lipid deposition in the liver and muscle.
When looking at how diet plays a part in type 2 diabetes, obesity plays a role in developing diabetes 2. Most people who are overweight have diabetes 2 as well as those who have normal weight. Those who are averaged weight that has type 2 diabetes have more issues processing insulin and need more treatment. In others that are overweight, it will show that they have a loss of ß-cell capacity this applies to people who have type 1 diabetes as well. The people who are not overweight, it might show another part of type 2 diabetes. Human diets are complicated; however, no clinical evidence indicates that certain diets are more effective at getting rid of weight.
However, certain diets can be harmful, and others can be helpful. Data of this shows that food choices, energy intake, and BMI are the results of problems in the adipose mass. Also, taste and food patterns are affected by genetics as well, but this evidence does not affect type 2 diabetes. There are, however 100 locations of a gene on a chromosome that does influence diabetes 2 through the movement of insulation. One of these loci and its relation to diets has to do with PPARG. This gene encodes a nuclear receptor in insulin, abiogenesis and lipid storage.
The connection between PPARG and dietary fatty acids in relation to type 2 diabetes has been looked at, but it remains unconfirmed. Genetics can help deal with some of the issues when it comes to diets, type 2 diabetes, and obesity. For example, it can address the effects of micronutrients like Vitamin D deficiency which is one of the causes of type 2 diabetes. Another factor that could be responsible for type 2 diabetes is genetic and energy expenditure. Energy expenditure includes, but is not limited to basal metabolism, exercise sedentary behavior, ambient temperature, food-related thermogenesis and non-exercise activity thermogenesis. These examples could lead to obesity. BMI and how much physical activity a person does show if the individual is healthy or not while BMI indicates that the FTO is weaker in those who are physically healthy. Evidence of this indicates that there is only a genetic component that impacts human lifestyle in the development of obesity or diabetes 2.
The next factor that can impact type 2 diabetes and obesity is genetics and the microbiome; this is the microorganisms in our gut, which can play a role in influencing obesity and diabetes 2. There have been studies on rats and microbiome in which the researchers manipulated the microorganisms in the rat’s gut which resulted in weight loss and diabetes release. However, when this study translates to humans, it is only a little effective. Even if the data on microbiome are limited on humans, it has shown that diet and exercise do anticipate metabolic feedback to food and it tells the individual what they should eat in their diets. Other studies have shown that people’s metabolism effects microbiome in different ways and impacts things like short-chain fatty acid production, bile acid metabolism, and inflammation. However, these studies do not look at how these microorganisms are involved with diabetes 2 and obesity.
The last influential factor that may impact diabetes 2 and obesity is genetics and early life environment. The explanation for this phenomenon is called the fetal programming hypothesis which looks at the effects of maternal diets on the risks of metabolic diseases years later. Studies have found that environmental exposures can affect the fetus’s growth. For example, certain environmental exposures can influence the birth weight of a baby. If the nutrition leads to poor growth and fetal programming than this could result in low birth weight which is connected to diabetes 2. However, children who have high birth weight is not only at an increased risk for type 2 diabetes, but it shows that the mother of the child has high blood sugar. Because the mother has hyperglycemia and the child has a high birth weight, then the child can develop diabetes 2 later in life. Children with high birth weight usually carry diabetes 2 alleles such as MTNR1B and GCK genes, while children with a low birth weight will carry diabetes 2 alleles such as ADCY5 and CDKAL1. Because of these findings such as genetics, diet, energy expenditure and early life environment, it gives researchers a better understanding of what may cause diabetes 2 and obesity.
