Factors Affecting The Women To Participate In Entrepreneurial Business

Successful female entrepreneurs were found to have higher level of education. Because, an educated woman have more courage to take risk and they like to be a self dependent person instead of dependent on other person. But, this scenario not same at all level now-a-day not only the higher educated woman but also a little learned and some illiterate woman also involved in self set up business that is the entrepreneurial business. Additionally, Successful female entrepreneurs most notably have: family support, social networking; and government support; business background of their respective families rather than education for their career in business entrepreneurial family background as an important element for their success. Women entrepreneurship is by Scott and Twomey (1988), which identifies a strong theoretical framework on women aspirations to set up their own business and to start-up. They confirmed that whose parents owned a small business showed the highest preference for self-employment and the lowest for large business. Wang and Wong (2004) reported entrepreneurial aspirations to have increased due to the macro-environmental changes since the 1980s, particularly with the current success of Internet-based businesses where the large number of woman start up their own business and the most of them are students. Almquist and Angrist (1971) explained that the amount of education they have, the type of work they do, and whether the mother works at all or is active in leisure pursuits should affect the girl’s adult aspirations.

Where, Verheul et al., (2012) reported that having at least one self-employed parent positively influences not just an individual’s preference for self-employment but also his or her self-employment status. Thus, entrepreneurial parents seem to inspire their children to become entrepreneurs. The social learning and the cognitive developmental literature support this issue, as it is well known that the family is one of the most influential contexts of socialization in childhood and adolescence. Moreover, other researchers suggest that less educated women without managerial experience can acquire entrepreneurial skills through socialization with a successful family member entrepreneur but this skills relatively poor than the educated women with a successful family member entrepreneur. A role models explanation as relating to a human capital, where girl children may acquire relevant experience in entrepreneurship by working in their parents’ businesses. There also explained that children inherit preferences for being an entrepreneur, which could be genetically, but also socially if their parents serve as role models for their children. The final explanation relates to a financial situation in that family funds may substitute for access to formal credit markets where successful entrepreneurs may transfer financial wealth or the family business to their offspring, thereby relaxing capital market constraints that may limit their entrepreneurial activities. Scherer et al. (1989) found that the presence of a parent role model was associated with increased education and training.

However, there seems to be no research that separates fathers and mothers’ level of education on female in venture creation. Pihie (2009) found that the women had moderate score on all constructs related to entrepreneurial intention and self-efficacy in the aspects of management, financial and marketing. A female with effective entrepreneurial aspiration mainly shows higher scored in entrepreneurship intention and self-efficacy it shows meaningful variation from those who do not have positive aspiration. Sometime, they shows moderately scored on attitudes towards entrepreneurial career (Akmaliah and Pihie, 2009) and also in perceived behavioral control. it is suggested by many authors’ that to enhance women entrepreneurial intention and self-efficacy and certain teaching strategies needed to be conducted and the university policy makers should add more value to their women graduates by integrating the elements that can enhance the development of entrepreneurial intention and self-efficacy in the aspects of management, financial and marketing competencies as they can choose entrepreneurship as a career choice. Despite of the rapid growth in the number of women-owned enterprises and their increasing collective impact on society and the economy, relatively few studies have been conducted that factors which are affecting women to start entrepreneurial business in general or comparing them to men. It is not surprising that higher percentage of men have started and operated their own businesses.

Moreover, even though women have owned their own enterprises throughout history, public policy and popular press interest in the phenomenon of women as business-owners have been relatively recent. Scott and Twomey, (1988) and Gibb and Ritchie, (1982) explained that entrepreneurial career precipitating events have looked at the factors affecting business-ownership by individuals in general. They have looked at samples of graduates and would be entrepreneurs respectively, and neither of them have stated whether their samples include both male and female or male respondents in particular, thus maintaining the old assumption that men and women go through similar experiences prior to setting-up their own businesses. Although recent research on gender differences suggests that there are significant differences in the orientations and motivations of male and female entrepreneurs. Women entrepreneurs are not a homogenous population. The nature of business creation by women varies according to factors relating to educational institution, subjective matter or the area of study, economical, political, and socio-cultural configurations, particularly in relation to policies, attitudes, and traditions in the fields of enterprise and women’s work. Personal factors also clearly play an important role.