Origin Of The Law, Its Evolving, And Relationship To Society

As mentioned in Police Administration a leadership approach, the origin of law came from Sir Robert Peel, British home secretary, who created London’s Metropolitan Act in the year 1829. The Metropolitan Act was passed due to a high rate of crimes and civil disorder in London. In order to establish the police enforcement in London, Sir Robert Peel established the principles of policing. Which means, the basic principles of policing is, the basic mission and acceptable behavior of police.

Existence

In the United States of America, one of the first organizations of law was established in 1823 as the Texas Rangers. The first federal law enforcement agency was created by George Washington in the year 1789, when he appointed eight United States marshals. Over time, debate has swirled around whether police should focus their strategy on community service, crime fighting, or some other combination of approaches. From the mid nineteenth century to about 1930, policing was about community service. Officers were encouraged to live within the area they worked in so they could better know and serve their community. Citizens found this idea to be great since they felt safe to know a police officer lived around the area. Many business owners also felt safe in the event of a robbery. During the same era, politicians were the ones in responsible of everything that involved with policing. They were the ones who decided who had the chance to be an officer and who had the chance to get a promotion. During the same same era, police brutality was much higher compared to nowadays. Police used mental and physical force to elicit confessions from suspects.

How it evolved

The person considered as one of the founders of modern policing was August Vollmer, who served as chief of police in Berkeley, California, from 1902 to 1932. It was around the early 1920s where August Vollmer invented the first patrol cars and the two-way radios for patrol men to go to calls faster. Vollmer also introduce the polygraph as an investigative tool and help establish college level courses for police officers. He promoted the use of forensic science technologies, such as the fingerprint, as well as crime laboratories. He strongly advocated professionalism in policing. Orlando Winfield Wilson, who was Vollmer’s protégé, introduced the merit system for promotions, rotated officer’s patrol assignments to reduce the chance for corruption, and insisted higher salaries for officers to help agencies recruit higher-quality candidates. Nowadays, police administration worry more about flexibility and transition. Many political leaders must decide what policing principles and strategies to incorporate into their mission. Agencies across the country mix traditional policing with community and problem oriented policing, some strategic policing, and strategic policing to prepare for the future. Over the past few centuries, police administration has been getting better and better with their principles. Police administrations have been organized and what they consider their core strategy for the providing value to the communities they serve.

Benefits of Case Law

Case law, also known as the common law, are laws made by a judge’s decision in a court case. Throughout time, judges began to apply the same principle/decisions that previous judges have made in previous hearings with similar disputes. Over time, the law becomes recognized as a body of law. Criminal Law and Procedure, book written by John L. Worrall and Jennifer L. Moore explain that, judge-made law, the law developed in early England by judges who wrote down their decisions and circulated them to other judges. The common law was not unique to any particular place; it was the law “in common” throughout England. Special law refers to the laws of specific villages and localities”. Distinguishing cases are decided by following similar previous, but not all cases are cited enough to be a controlling case to the case under consideration. Cases are distinguished by attorneys arguing whether or not a case should control the outcome (be followed as precedent). The benefits of case law are that, they are created by a judge and may be changed by other judges for future related cases.

Relationship to Society

The relation between society and case law is that, if someone was to commit a crime and was sent to court for his hearing, the judge may use a previous hearing decision to penalized the defendant. As time goes on, some judges can minimize the penalty due to the severity of the case. However, previous convictions will not be able to change their sentence if the new judge decides to minimize the penalty for the new defendant. One of the first origins of law occured due to the Metropolitan Act. The act was passed due to the high rates of crimes that brought disorder into the civilian life in London. The organizations that were first established in the United States were the Texas Rangers from the year 1789 who was created with George Washington. Throughout the past few centuries, the United States of America has expanded the ways law is served due to many founding fathers such as Sir Robert Peel, August Vollmer, and O. W. Wilson. The case law, which is also known as the common law, is has its own unique way of handling court cases. The common law follows to similar previous cases.