Rice Cultivation Under Dsr and Transplanting Method

Introduction

Rice (Oryza sativa ) is one of the most important food crops in the world, and staple food for more than 50% of the global population. Being the most widely consumed staple food for a large part of world’s population, it meets 43 % of calorie requirement of more than two third of the Indian population. In India, it is grown on an area of about 43.19 m ha with a total production of 277.11 m t and productivity of 2.6 t /ha during 2016-17 . In Punjab, it occupied 2.89 m ha with total production of 11.11 m t and productivity of 3.8 t /ha during 2016-17.

DSR has occupied 1 lac ha till now in Punjab and it is increasing day by day. Punjab has more productivity/ha than national level even though state is facing the scarcity of irrigation water and deterioration of soil health. DSR is the technique which is gaining more interest in todays date to overcome that problems.DSR refers to the process of establishing a rice crop from seeds sown in the field rather than by transplanting seedlings from the nursery. It has been recognized as the principal method of rice establishment since 1950’s in developing countries.

Direct seeding is can be done by sowing of pregerminated seeds into a puddled soil (wet seeding) or standing water (water seeding) or prepared seedbed (dry seeding). Improved short duration and high yielding varieties, nutrient and weed management techniques encouraged the farmers to shift from traditional system of transplanting to DSR culture. DSR is popular and advantageous because of its low-input demand. It offers certain advantages viz., it saves labour, requires less water, less drudgery, early crop maturity, low production cost, better soil physical conditions for following crops and less methane emission, provides better option to be the best fit in different cropping systems The reasons for adoption of DSR, economic comparison of DSR and PTR are discussed in this paper:

• Broadcasting pre-germinated seed
• Broadcasting without and with furrows
• Wet land direct seeding techniques
• Dry land direct seeding techniques
• Rice Transplanting Techniques

Aggregate Economic Impact Of Direct Seeded Rice In Punjab

The data for this study are derived from focus group discussions and household survey conducted in 2015. The primary data were collected from 150 rice farmers of three major DSR districts of Punjab state using pretested questionnaire. The major varieties used by the farmers in the study area are Pusa Basmati 1121, PR 122, PR 114, PR 118, P 44 and PR 111. The DSR has resulted in savings to the tune of Rs.14,615 per hectare in comparison to the transplanted rice.2. Kumar, V., Singh, S., Sagar, V., and Maurya, M. (2018).

Different Crop Establishment Method Of Rice

A field experiment was conducted at Instructional Farm of Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Ambedkar Nagar, UP to evaluate DSR technology during kharif 2014-15. DSR method of rice establishment is a faster and easier method of crop establishment and required very less amount of water than the conventional puddle transplanting. Labour saving, reduction in population risk, and crop intensification facilities are the other few advantages of DSR.3. Mishra, A., Khanal,A., Pede, V. (2017).

Direct Seeded Rice As A Boon

The surveys were carried out under the Cereals System Initiative for South Asia project. A total of 537 farms were surveyed during the 2011–2012 period. Some of the farmers surveyed practiced DSR and PTR on separate plots, while others practiced DSR only or PTR only on their plots. Projections from this study show that current nonadopters of DSR would realize higher yields (6.79%) and lower costs (3.71%) when they switch to the DSR establishment method. Adoption of DSR, a form of natural resource management technology.4. Kumar,R. and Batra,S. (2017).

Dsr Technology vs Transplanted Method In Haryana

The data was collected for production of TPR and DSR from selected farmers. DSR technology is beter than transplanted method of rice cultivation by reducing irrigation and human labour requirement per unit area and found more profitable in terms of net returns per hectare. 5.Younas, M., Rehman, M., Hussain, A., Ali, L. and Waqar, M.(2016).

Direct Seeded And Transplanted Rice

The study was carried out in Sheikhupura with a well-structured questionnaire. A total of 36 respondent farmers practicing DSR as well TRS method were interviewed for collection of data.The experiment was carried out at the Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, Lamjung Campus, in Nepal during the Kharif season of 2015. The TPR condition showed higher energy consumption as well as higher output which results highest net return than the DSR.7. Keagakwa, M.(2015).

Dsr And Transplanting Method Of Rice Cultivation

This study was conducted in Hyderabad-Karnataka region of Karnataka state by demonstrating DSR method on 120 farm lands being organized by UAS. Eco-friendly nature of DSR method observed by participant farmers particularly it saves water, seed quantity and reduces the leaching of nutrients thereby facilitates judicious and efficient utilization of resources more particularly in chemicals and fertilizers. Hence increases in marginal return of paddy crop enterprise.8. Kumar, A. (2015).

Productivity And Economics Of Direct Seeded Rice

The experiment was conducted at farmers’ field in Karnal district of Haryana state in India during Kharif season of 2011 and 2012. DSR practices may not perform similarly in all agro ecological conditions and savings, especially in term of irrigation water, depends on rainfall. Yield of manual puddled transplanted rice was significantly higher (10-12%) than DSR.9. AgBalanceTM study on TPR and DWSR rice production systemsJoint effort between IIRR and BASF(2015). The data used in this study are based on three main data sources

• survey data from individual farmers in East Godavari (
• literature and statistical data,
• expert knowledge provided by researchers of the Indian Institute of Rice Research as well as the External Advisory Group that was establish to support the conduction of this study.

Economically DSR farmers are doing significantly better than TPR farmers. Despite having higher expenditures for inputs such as crop protection products. The farmer surveys showed that DSR farmers on average achieve an almost 8% higher yield than TPR farmers.10. Kumar,R.,Sharma, V.,Singh, S.(2014)

Mechanical Transplanting And Direct Seeding Of Rice

The experimental study was conducted at the Research Farm of CCSHAU Rice Research Station, Kaul during kharif season of 2009-10. Alternate methods of rice establishment like zero-till DSR with or without residue, zero-till MTR, unpuddled MTR and puddle MTR produced grain yields similar to conventional PTR.

Conclusion

DSR method enhances water productivity and conserve considerable amount of irrigation water in compared to traditional TPR which uses 5000l of water to produce 1kg Rice. And also reduces the total labour requirement by 11-66% compared to PTR. DSR allows faster and easier planting and often DSR rice matures 7-10 days earlier than the PTR, facilitating timely planting of the succeeding Rabi crop. Additionally, DSR improves the soil health, emits less methane and often ensure higher profit in area with assured irrigation supply. In spite of better economics, weeds and pestmanagement is still a major obstacle in the way of adoption of DSR technology that leads to lower yield in DSR method as compared to transplanting technique but with use of proper pesticide and weedicide this can be controlled to sufficient level and if with this DSR is practiced properly net economic returns and Benefit Cost Ratio are better under DSR technology than transplanting technique.

Refrences

1. Gangaiah, b., gipmans, m., bal, j. and rehl, t. (2015). [online] research gate. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/304492626 [Accessed 1 Dec. 2015].
2. Singh, s., sharma, v. and kumar, r. (2014). [online] research gate. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/263963148 [Accessed 1 Jul. 2014].
3. Mishra, a., khanal, a. and pede, v. (2017). [online] research gate. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/320170664 [Accessed 1 Dec. 2017].
4. Kaur, J. and Singh, A. (2018). Direct Seeded Rice: Prospects, Problems/Constraints and Researchable Issues in India.kumar, m. (2016). [online] research gate. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/project/Enhancing-the-water-productivity-in-rice-and-rice-based-cropping-systems [Accessed 1 Jun. 2016].
5. Kumar, m. and bandhumala, n. (2018). [online] Doi.org. Available at: https://doi.org/10.18006/2018.6(1).253.257 [Accessed 1 Feb. 2018].
6. Anon, (2018). Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry. 7(3): 2295-2298.
7. Kumar, r. (2017). A Comparative Analysis of DSR Technology Vs. Transplanted Method in Haryana. [online] Available at: http://ndpublisher.in/admin/issues/EAv62n1 [Accessed 1 Mar. 2017].
8. Economic Affairs, Vol. 62(1) 169-174.thapa, k., shrestha, a., neupane, m. and amgain, L. (2016). [online] research gate. Available at :https://www.researchgate.net/publication/304529966_ [Accessed 1 Jun. 2016].